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Anatomy > Thoracic Cage > Flashcards

Thoracic Cage Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the sternum?

A

Manubrium
Body of sternum
Xiphoid process

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2
Q

Describe the notches on the sternum

A

A jugular notch at the most superior aspect
Clavicular notches on either side of that
Costal notches 1-7 down each side

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3
Q

What is the ridge between the manubrium and the body of the sternum called?

A

The sternal angle, or angle of Louis

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4
Q

Describe the structure of a rib

A 
Head of the rib- attaches posteriorly 
Tubercle of rib 
Neck of rib
Body of rib
Costal groove on the body of the rib
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5
Q

Why does the thoracic cage move?

A

The thoracic cage moves to increase or decrease the intrathoracic volume during inspiration or expiration

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6
Q

How do the ribs move during inspiration and expiration?

A

The ribs move like a bucket handle

Moving superiorly and inferiorly

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7
Q

How does the sternum move during inspiration and expiration?

A

The sternum moves like a pump handle

Moving anteriorly and posteriorly

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8
Q

At which point does the head of the rib articulate with the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Superior demifacet

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9
Q

Describe the structure of the thoracic vertebrae

A

2 superior articular facets -on the top
2 transverse processes- one on either side
2 inferior articular facets- on the bottom
Spinous process- middle of posterior side
A superior and inferior demifacet on either side

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10
Q

At which point does the tubercle articulate with the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Facet on the transverse process

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11
Q

At which point does the thoracic vertebrae articulate with the one below?

A

Inferior articular facet

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of intercostal muscles?

A

External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Innermost intercostals

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13
Q

What is the most superficial intercostal muscle?

A

External intercostal

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14
Q

What is the most deep intercostal muscle?

A

Innermost intercostal

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15
Q

What are the direction of fibres in the external intercostals?

A

Fibres go down and in

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16
Q

What are the direction of fibres in the internal intercostals?

A

Fibres go up and in

17
Q

What are the direction of fibres in the innermost intercostals?

A

Fibres mirror internal intercostals (up and in) but are more vertical

18
Q

What is the function of the external intercostals?

A

Aid in inspiration, increase intrathoracic volume

19
Q

What is the function of the internal intercostals?

A

Aid in expiration, decrease intrathoracic volume

20
Q

What is the function of the innermost intercostals?

A

Aid in both inspiration and expiration

21
Q

What are the 3 types of ribs?

A

True ribs
False ribs
Floating ribs

22
Q

Describe the true ribs

A

Costal cartilage directly articulates with the sternum

Ribs 1,2,3,4,5,6,7

23
Q

Describe the false ribs

A

Costal cartilage indireclty articulates with the sternum

Ribs 8,9,10

24
Q

Describe the floating ribs

A

Dont have any costal cartilage, don’t articulate with sternum at all
Ribs 11,12

25
Q

How many intercostal spaces are there?

A

There are 11 intercostal spaces on either side

12 ribs-11 spaces

26
Q

Where is the neurovasculature of the intercostal space?

A

Located between the innermost and internal intercotal muscles ( between the 2nd and 3rd deepest layers)
Sits under the costal groove

27
Q

Describe the neurovasculature of the intercostal space

A

Intercostal vein most superiorly
Then an intercostal artery under that
Then an intercostal nerve under that

28
Q

What is the name of the muscle that sits deep to the sternum?

A

Transversus thoracis

29
Q

Where does the transversus thoracis attach to?

A

Attaches from the body and xiphoid process of the sternum to the costal cartilages of ribs 2-6

30
Q

What is the function of the transversus thoracis?

A

Helps to move the ribs during forced breathing and support the thoracic cage through the breathing process

Anatomy (7 decks)

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