Abdominal Wall

Question 1

What is the function of the abdominal muscles?

Answer 1

increase intra-abdominal pressure

allow for expansion during eating/urination/pregnancy

Question 2

What are the most superficial anterior abdominal muscles?

Answer 2

External oblique muscles

Question 3

What direction of fibers do the external obliques have?

Answer 3

Down and in

Question 4

Where do the external oblique muscles attach to?

Answer 4

Attach to the ribs (5th) and iliac crest

Question 5

What is the muscle deep to the external obliques?

Answer 5

Internal obliques

Question 6

What direction of fibers do the internal obliques have?

Answer 6

Fan out towards the iliac crest

Question 7

What is aponeurosis?

Answer 7

A sheet of white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon on flat muscles.

Question 8

What is the muscle deep to the internal obliques?

Answer 8

Rectus abdominis

Question 9

What are the direction of fibers in the rectus abdominis?

Answer 9

Vertical muscle fibers

Question 10

What is the rectus abdominis subdivided by?

Answer 10

Tendernous intersections

Question 11

What does the rectus abdominis sit within?

Answer 11

It sits within the rectus sheath

The line at which it enters the sheath is called the arcuate line

Question 12

What is the deepest muscle within the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 12

Transversus abdominus

Question 13

What direction of fibers does the transversus abdominis have?

Answer 13

Horizontal fibers

Question 14

What is the single midline fibrous line in the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 14

Linear alba

Question 15

What are 5 muscles on the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 15

Quadratus lumborum
Psoas major
Psoas minor 
Ilacus
Iliopsoas muscle

Question 16

Where is the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 16

Lateral to psoas major

attches from the superior iliac crest to 12th rib

Question 17

Where is the psoas major?

Answer 17

Attaches at the T12-L4 vertabrae, then descends through the ilium to attach to the femur with the iliacus muscle to form the iliopsoas muscle.

Question 18

What and where is the iliacus muscle?

Answer 18

The iliacus muscle is a flat triangular shaped muscle which sits perfectly in the iliac fossa. Descends to femur to form the iliopsoas muscle with the psoas major.

Question 19

What is the iliac fossa?

Answer 19

The large concave surface of the ilium.

Question 20

What is the function of the iliopsoas muscle ?

Answer 20

Produces hip flexion

Question 21

What muscles form the lateral boundary of the abdomen?

Answer 21

The 3 oblique muscles:
External obliques
Internal obliques
Transversus abdominis

Question 22

What muscle forms the superior boundary of the abdomen?

Answer 22

Diaphragm

Question 23

What are the branches of the spinal nerve?

Answer 23

Ventral rami and dorsal rami

Question 24

What nerve innovates the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 24

Ventral rami of T12

Question 25

What large nerve provides innovation to the thigh and hip flexors?

Answer 25

Femoral nerve

Question 26

What nerves are responsible for innovation of the skin?

Answer 26

Anterior cutaneous nerves

Question 27

At what vertebral level provides innovation for the umbilicus?

Answer 27

T10 Vertebral level | nerves start high and descend

Question 28

What nerves provide innovation for the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 28

T7-11 thoracoabdominal nerves -which form the inferior intercostal nerves. Subcostal nerve- at T12

Question 29

What are the 3 arteries that supply the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 29

Superior epigastric artery Inferior epigastric artery Superficial epigastric artery

Question 30

What are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen?

Answer 30

Right upper Left upper Right lower Left lower

Question 31

What planes make up the 9 abdominal regions?

Answer 31

``` 2 midclavicular lines transpyloric plane (just under the ribs) transtubercular plane (just above the iliac spine) ```

Question 32

What are the 9 abdominal regions?

Answer 32

Right hypochondriac region Epigastric region Left hypochondriac region Right lumbar region Umbilical region Left lumbar region Right inguinal region Pubic (hypogastric) region Left inguinal region