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Anatomy > Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the abdominal muscles?

A

increase intra-abdominal pressure

allow for expansion during eating/urination/pregnancy

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2
Q

What are the most superficial anterior abdominal muscles?

A

External oblique muscles

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3
Q

What direction of fibers do the external obliques have?

A

Down and in

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4
Q

Where do the external oblique muscles attach to?

A

Attach to the ribs (5th) and iliac crest

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5
Q

What is the muscle deep to the external obliques?

A

Internal obliques

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6
Q

What direction of fibers do the internal obliques have?

A

Fan out towards the iliac crest

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7
Q

What is aponeurosis?

A

A sheet of white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon on flat muscles.

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8
Q

What is the muscle deep to the internal obliques?

A

Rectus abdominis

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9
Q

What are the direction of fibers in the rectus abdominis?

A

Vertical muscle fibers

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10
Q

What is the rectus abdominis subdivided by?

A

Tendernous intersections

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11
Q

What does the rectus abdominis sit within?

A

It sits within the rectus sheath

The line at which it enters the sheath is called the arcuate line

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12
Q

What is the deepest muscle within the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Transversus abdominus

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13
Q

What direction of fibers does the transversus abdominis have?

A

Horizontal fibers

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14
Q

What is the single midline fibrous line in the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Linear alba

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15
Q

What are 5 muscles on the posterior abdominal wall?

A 
Quadratus lumborum
Psoas major
Psoas minor 
Ilacus
Iliopsoas muscle
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16
Q

Where is the quadratus lumborum?

A

Lateral to psoas major

attches from the superior iliac crest to 12th rib

17
Q

Where is the psoas major?

A

Attaches at the T12-L4 vertabrae, then descends through the ilium to attach to the femur with the iliacus muscle to form the iliopsoas muscle.

18
Q

What and where is the iliacus muscle?

A

The iliacus muscle is a flat triangular shaped muscle which sits perfectly in the iliac fossa. Descends to femur to form the iliopsoas muscle with the psoas major.

19
Q

What is the iliac fossa?

A

The large concave surface of the ilium.

20
Q

What is the function of the iliopsoas muscle ?

A

Produces hip flexion

21
Q

What muscles form the lateral boundary of the abdomen?

A

The 3 oblique muscles:
External obliques
Internal obliques
Transversus abdominis

22
Q

What muscle forms the superior boundary of the abdomen?

A

Diaphragm

23
Q

What are the branches of the spinal nerve?

A

Ventral rami and dorsal rami

24
Q

What nerve innovates the quadratus lumborum?

A

Ventral rami of T12

25
Q

What large nerve provides innovation to the thigh and hip flexors?

A

Femoral nerve

26
Q

What nerves are responsible for innovation of the skin?

A

Anterior cutaneous nerves

27
Q

At what vertebral level provides innovation for the umbilicus?

A

T10 Vertebral level

nerves start high and descend

28
Q

What nerves provide innovation for the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

T7-11 thoracoabdominal nerves -which form the inferior intercostal nerves.
Subcostal nerve- at T12

29
Q

What are the 3 arteries that supply the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Superior epigastric artery
Inferior epigastric artery
Superficial epigastric artery

30
Q

What are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen?

A

Right upper
Left upper
Right lower
Left lower

31
Q

What planes make up the 9 abdominal regions?

A 
2 midclavicular lines
transpyloric plane (just under the ribs)
transtubercular plane (just above the iliac spine)
32
Q

What are the 9 abdominal regions?

A

Right hypochondriac region
Epigastric region
Left hypochondriac region

Right lumbar region
Umbilical region
Left lumbar region

Right inguinal region
Pubic (hypogastric) region
Left inguinal region

Anatomy (7 decks)

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