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Anatomy > Foregut > Flashcards

Foregut Flashcards

1
Q

What does the foregut consist of?

A

The foregut consists of the oesophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and the proximal half of the duodenum

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2
Q

At which thoracic level does the aorta pass through the diaphragm?

A

At the T12 vertebral level

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3
Q

What is the major artery supplying the foregut?

A

The coeliac trunk

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4
Q

What main branches does the coeliac trunk have?

A

Splenic artery
Common hepatic artery
Left gastric artery

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5
Q

What does the splenic artery supply?

A

Supplies the spleen and large parts of the body and tail of the pancreas

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6
Q

What does the common hepatic artery supply?

A

Supplies the liver, gall bladder, head of the pancreas, parts of the duodenum, and the greater curvature of the stomach

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7
Q

What does the left gastric artery supply?

A

Supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach

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8
Q

Which arteries supply the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

Short gastric artery- near the top of greater curvature (from the splenic artery)

Left gastroomental artery- -upper middle of the greater curvature (from the splenic artery)

Right gastroomental artery- bottom middle of greater curvature ( from the gastroduodenal artery- from the common hepatic artery)

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9
Q

Which arteries supply the lesser curvature of the stoamch?

A

Left gastric artery- upper middle of lesser curvature

Oesophageal branches of left gastric artery- top of stomach near oesophagus

Right gasrtic artery- lower middle of lesser curvature (from the proper hepatic artery, from the common hepatic artery)

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10
Q

What is anastamosis?

A

Anastamosis is a connection or opening between 2 things that are normally branching

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11
Q

Where is there anastomosis in the stomach?

A

Between the left and right gastroomental arteries

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12
Q

What arteries supply the duodenum?

A

Anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

(all branches from the gastroduodenal artery, and common hepatic artery)

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13
Q

What does intraperitoneal mean?

A

Completely covered by layers of peritoneum

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14
Q

What does retroperitoneal mean?

A

Only partially covered by peritoneum

Organs only having peritoneum on anterior surface so are pushed posteriorly

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15
Q

Is the stomach intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

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16
Q

What is the name for peritoneum on the surface of an organ?

A

Visceral peritoneum

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17
Q

What is the name for peritoneum that lines the cavity?

A

Parietal peritoneum

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18
Q

What is the name given to a pinched off part of peritoneum?

A

Mesentry

19
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A

A large fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach

20
Q

Where does the greater omentum attach to?

A

Emerges from the greater part of the stomach
Folds back along its free edge and goes up to the transverse colon
-often referred to as apron like

21
Q

What is the function of the greater omentum?

A

To prevent the parietal and visceral peritoneum of the abdominal cavity from adhering to each other

22
Q

What 2 parts make up the lesser omentum?

A

Hepatogastric ligament

Hepatoduodenal ligament

23
Q

What is the lesser omentum?

A

A double layer of peritoneum that connects the proximal duodenum and lesser curvature with the liver

24
Q

What does the hepatogastric ligament connect?

A

Conects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and then continues over the surface of the viscera

25
Q

What does the hepatoduodenal ligament connect?

A

Connects the liver to the proximal duodenum and then continues over surface if the viscera

26
Q

Where do parasympathetic nerves arise from?

A

From the brain or from the inferior part of the spinal cord

27
Q

Where do sympathetic nerves arise from?

A

From the central parts of the spinal cord

28
Q

What is the name of the parasympathetic nerve that supplies the foregut?

A

Vagus nerve

29
Q

What nerve bundles do the parasympathetic nerves pass through?

A

The coeliac ganglion

30
Q

Where are the coeliac ganglion?

A

The coeliac ganglion lie just above the coeliac trunk

31
Q

What is the fucntion of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Responsible for the body’s ‘rest and digest’ response. Decreasing respiration and heart rate, increasing digestion

32
Q

What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Responsible for the body’s ‘fight or flight’ response. Increasing respiration and heart rate, decreasing digestion

33
Q

What is the autonomic system?

A

Part of the nervous system controlling internal body processes like blood pressure, heart rate digestion etc
-split into sympathetic and parasympathetic

34
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

Part of the nervous system that controls voluntary movement of body movements via skeletal muscles

35
Q

What are is the name of the sympathetic nerves that branch off the sympathetic trunk?

A

Greater splanchnic nerve

Lesser splanchnic nerve

36
Q

How does sympathetic innovation travel from the brain?

A

Via the sympathetic trunk

Connected by sympathetic chain ganglion

37
Q

Where do the sypathetic nerves synapse?

A

At the coeliac ganglion

38
Q

How do the sympathetic nerves reaches the organs?

A

The post synaptic axons from the sympathetic nerves travel along the blood supply to organs

(to provide autonomic innovation)

39
Q

What are the different ligaments of the anterior surface of the liver?

A

Falciform ligament
Ligamentum teres hepatis
Left and right triangular ligaments
Left and right coronary ligements

40
Q

Describe the path of the ligaments on the anterior surface of the liver?

A
  • Ligamentum teres hepatis sits under the liver
  • Falciform ligament extends off the ligamentum teres hepatis towards the superior anterior surface of liver
  • Splits off into respective left and right coronary ligaments
  • Which lead to the respective left and right triangular ligaments that fold back upon themsleves towards the inferior surafce of liver
41
Q

What are the different ligaments on the inferior surface of the liver?

A

Ligamentum venosum

Hepatocaval ligament

42
Q

Describe the path of the ligaments on the inferior surface of the liver?

A
  • The continuation of the ligamentum teres hepatis onto the inferior surafce of the liver forms the ligamentum venosum, which connects to the joined left and right triangular ligaments
  • Hepatocaval ligament sits alone, it is where the inferior vena cava is bound to the surface of the liver
43
Q

What is bound by the hepatocaval ligament?

A

The inferior vena cava to the surface of the liver

44
Q

What does the falciform ligament connect?

A

Connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

Anatomy (7 decks)

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