Thoracic Cage

Question 1

What makes up the thoracic cage?

Answer 1

Sternum
Ribs
Costal Cartilages
Thoracic Vertebrae

Question 2

What is the gap at the top or bottom of the thoracic cage called?

Answer 2

Thoracic aperture

Question 3

What is the part that joins false ribs?

Answer 3

Costal Margin/Costal Arch

Question 4

What is the anterior border of the superior thoracic aperture

Answer 4

Manubrium

Question 5

What is the posterior border of the the superior thoracic aperture

Answer 5

Body of T1

Question 6

What is the lateral border of the superior thoracic aperture

Answer 6

Medial margin of rib 1 on each side

Question 7

What is the posterior border of the inferior thoracic aperture

Answer 7

Body of T12

Question 8

What is the posteriolateral border of the inferior thoracic aperture?

Answer 8

Rib 12

Distal end of rib 11

Question 9

What is the anterolateral border of the inferior thoracic aperture?

Answer 9

Costal margin

Question 10

What is the anterior border of the inferior thoracic aperture

Answer 10

Xiphoid process

Question 11

What makes up the thoracic wall

Answer 11

Thoracic cage
Intercostal muscles
Skin

Question 12

What is the position of the superior margin of manibrium

Answer 12

Level of intervertebral disk between T2 and T3

Question 13

What does the facet of the manibrium articulate with?

Answer 13

The costal cartilage of the first rib

Question 14

What does the demifacet of the manibrium articulate with?

Answer 14

Part of the costal cartilage of the 2nd rib

Question 15

What shape is the manibrium?

Answer 15

Trapezoid

Question 16

What is the position of the sternal angle in relation to other structures

Answer 16

Level of:

• 2nd costal cartilage
• T4

Question 17

What ribs do the articular facets of the body of the sternum accomodate (exclude the demifacets)

Answer 17

3rd to 6th ribs

Question 18

What ribs do the demifacets of the the body of the sternum accomodate?

Answer 18

2nd rib

7th rib

Question 19

What is the position of the Xiphoid Process in relation to other structures

Answer 19

Level of T10 vertebra

Question 20

What does the Xiphoid process articulate with?

Answer 20

Sometimes articulates with a part of the costal cartilage of the 7th rib

Question 21

What are the true ribs?

Answer 21

1-7

Question 22

What are the false ribs

Answer 22

8-10

Question 23

What are the floating ribs

Answer 23

11 and 12

Question 24

What makes the 1st rib atypical

Answer 24

it is shorter and wider

There are no thoracic vertebrae above. Therefore, only one articular facet on its head

Two grooves on superior surface for subclavian vessels

Question 25

What makes the 2nd rib atypical?

Answer 25

Roughened area on upper surface for serratus anterior muscle attachment

Question 26

What makes the 10th rib atypical

Answer 26

Only one facet (for articulation with numerically corresponding vertebra)

Question 27

What makes the 11th and 12 ribs atypical?

Answer 27

They have no neck There is only one facet (for articulation with numerically articulating vertebra)

Question 28

What distinguishes the thoracic vertebrae from other vertebrae

Answer 28

Vertebral body is heart shaped Demifacets on sides on each side of vertebral body (articulates with rib heads) Costal facets on transverse processes of ribs (articulates with rib tubercles) -- only on T1-T10 Spinous processes: Long and slant inferiorly

Question 29

What makes T1 an aypical vertebra?

Answer 29

It's superior facet is not a demifacet | Only vertebra to articulate with the 1`st rib

Question 30

What makes T10 an aypical vertebra?

Answer 30

Single pair of whole facets. Are both located across the vertebral body and pedicle Articulates with 10th rib only

Question 31

What makes T11 and T12 atypical?

Answer 31

Single pair of entire costal facets --- located on pedicle

Question 32

Which direction do the fibres of the External Intercostal muscles face?

Answer 32

Inferoanteriorly

Question 33

What is the function of the External intercostal muscles

Answer 33

Muscle tone holds ribs in place | Elevates ribs

Question 34

What direction do the fibres of the Internal intercostal muscles face?

Answer 34

Inferoposteriorly

Question 35

What is the function of the internal intercostal muscles

Answer 35

Muscles tone keeps ribs in place | Depresses ribs

Question 36

Which muscle of the thoracic wall is in the neurovascular plane?

Answer 36

Internal intercostal muscles

Question 37

What is the function of the Innermost Intercostal Muscle group?

Answer 37

Proprioceptive information

Question 38

Where are the innermost intercostal muscles (subgroup of the intercostal muscle group) located

Answer 38

On the lateral side of the intercostal space

Question 39

Where are the subcostal muscles (subgroup of intercostal group) located

Answer 39

On the poserior side of the intercostal space

Question 40

Where are the Transversus muscles (subgroup of the intercostal muscle group) located

Answer 40

On the anterior side of the intercostal space

Question 41

What intercostal vessels branch off the descending thoracic aorta

Answer 41

Posterior intercostal artery

Question 42

What intercostal vessels branch off the internal throacic artery and vein

Answer 42

Anterior Intercostal artery and vein Anterior perforating branches of intercostal artery and vein

Question 43

What do the collateral branches of intercostal vessels connect?

Answer 43

Posterior intercostal artery and veind AND Anterior intercostal artery and vein

Question 44

Where do the Anterior Intercostal Veins drain into

Answer 44

Internal thoracic Vein AND Musculophrenic Vein

Question 45

Where do the Posterior Intercostal Veins drain into

Answer 45

Right --- Azygous Vein Left --- Hemiazyhous and Accessory Hemiazygous EXCEPT FOR THAT OF THE 1ST INTERCOSTAL SPACE

Question 46

Where do the Posterior Intercostal Veins of the 1st intercostal space drain into?

Answer 46

Vertebral Vein or Brachiocepalic Vein of the same side

Question 47

What does the sternal angle serve as a landmark for?

Answer 47

``` T4/T5 Azygous vein joins into SVC Beginning and end of the arch of aorta Bifurcation of trachea Division of pulmonary trunk 2nd costal cartilage joins the sternum Thoracic duct moves to the left side of the midline Ligamentum arteriosis Recurrent laryngeal nerve (wraps around arch of aorta) Manubriosternal joint ``` Take a break before diving in2 the lower river mouth