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Thorax > Thoracic Cage > Flashcards

Thoracic Cage Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the thoracic cage?

A

Sternum
Ribs
Costal Cartilages
Thoracic Vertebrae

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2
Q

What is the gap at the top or bottom of the thoracic cage called?

A

Thoracic aperture

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3
Q

What is the part that joins false ribs?

A

Costal Margin/Costal Arch

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4
Q

What is the anterior border of the superior thoracic aperture

A

Manubrium

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5
Q

What is the posterior border of the the superior thoracic aperture

A

Body of T1

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6
Q

What is the lateral border of the superior thoracic aperture

A

Medial margin of rib 1 on each side

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7
Q

What is the posterior border of the inferior thoracic aperture

A

Body of T12

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8
Q

What is the posteriolateral border of the inferior thoracic aperture?

A

Rib 12

Distal end of rib 11

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9
Q

What is the anterolateral border of the inferior thoracic aperture?

A

Costal margin

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10
Q

What is the anterior border of the inferior thoracic aperture

A

Xiphoid process

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11
Q

What makes up the thoracic wall

A

Thoracic cage
Intercostal muscles
Skin

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12
Q

What is the position of the superior margin of manibrium

A

Level of intervertebral disk between T2 and T3

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13
Q

What does the facet of the manibrium articulate with?

A

The costal cartilage of the first rib

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14
Q

What does the demifacet of the manibrium articulate with?

A

Part of the costal cartilage of the 2nd rib

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15
Q

What shape is the manibrium?

A

Trapezoid

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16
Q

What is the position of the sternal angle in relation to other structures

A

Level of:

  • 2nd costal cartilage
  • T4
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17
Q

What ribs do the articular facets of the body of the sternum accomodate (exclude the demifacets)

A

3rd to 6th ribs

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18
Q

What ribs do the demifacets of the the body of the sternum accomodate?

A

2nd rib

7th rib

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19
Q

What is the position of the Xiphoid Process in relation to other structures

A

Level of T10 vertebra

20
Q

What does the Xiphoid process articulate with?

A

Sometimes articulates with a part of the costal cartilage of the 7th rib

21
Q

What are the true ribs?

A

1-7

22
Q

What are the false ribs

A

8-10

23
Q

What are the floating ribs

A

11 and 12

24
Q

What makes the 1st rib atypical

A

it is shorter and wider

There are no thoracic vertebrae above. Therefore, only one articular facet on its head

Two grooves on superior surface for subclavian vessels

25
Q

What makes the 2nd rib atypical?

A

Roughened area on upper surface for serratus anterior muscle attachment

26
Q

What makes the 10th rib atypical

A

Only one facet (for articulation with numerically corresponding vertebra)

27
Q

What makes the 11th and 12 ribs atypical?

A

They have no neck

There is only one facet (for articulation with numerically articulating vertebra)

28
Q

What distinguishes the thoracic vertebrae from other vertebrae

A

Vertebral body is heart shaped

Demifacets on sides on each side of vertebral body (articulates with rib heads)

Costal facets on transverse processes of ribs (articulates with rib tubercles) – only on T1-T10

Spinous processes: Long and slant inferiorly

29
Q

What makes T1 an aypical vertebra?

A

It’s superior facet is not a demifacet

Only vertebra to articulate with the 1`st rib

30
Q

What makes T10 an aypical vertebra?

A

Single pair of whole facets. Are both located across the vertebral body and pedicle
Articulates with 10th rib only

31
Q

What makes T11 and T12 atypical?

A

Single pair of entire costal facets — located on pedicle

32
Q

Which direction do the fibres of the External Intercostal muscles face?

A

Inferoanteriorly

33
Q

What is the function of the External intercostal muscles

A

Muscle tone holds ribs in place

Elevates ribs

34
Q

What direction do the fibres of the Internal intercostal muscles face?

A

Inferoposteriorly

35
Q

What is the function of the internal intercostal muscles

A

Muscles tone keeps ribs in place

Depresses ribs

36
Q

Which muscle of the thoracic wall is in the neurovascular plane?

A

Internal intercostal muscles

37
Q

What is the function of the Innermost Intercostal Muscle group?

A

Proprioceptive information

38
Q

Where are the innermost intercostal muscles (subgroup of the intercostal muscle group) located

A

On the lateral side of the intercostal space

39
Q

Where are the subcostal muscles (subgroup of intercostal group) located

A

On the poserior side of the intercostal space

40
Q

Where are the Transversus muscles (subgroup of the intercostal muscle group) located

A

On the anterior side of the intercostal space

41
Q

What intercostal vessels branch off the descending thoracic aorta

A

Posterior intercostal artery

42
Q

What intercostal vessels branch off the internal throacic artery and vein

A

Anterior Intercostal artery and vein

Anterior perforating branches of intercostal artery and vein

43
Q

What do the collateral branches of intercostal vessels connect?

A

Posterior intercostal artery and veind
AND
Anterior intercostal artery and vein

44
Q

Where do the Anterior Intercostal Veins drain into

A

Internal thoracic Vein
AND
Musculophrenic Vein

45
Q

Where do the Posterior Intercostal Veins drain into

A

Right — Azygous Vein
Left — Hemiazyhous and Accessory Hemiazygous

EXCEPT FOR THAT OF THE 1ST INTERCOSTAL SPACE

46
Q

Where do the Posterior Intercostal Veins of the 1st intercostal space drain into?

A

Vertebral Vein or Brachiocepalic Vein of the same side

47
Q

What does the sternal angle serve as a landmark for?

A 
T4/T5
Azygous vein joins into SVC
Beginning and end of the arch of aorta
Bifurcation of trachea
Division of pulmonary trunk
2nd costal cartilage joins the sternum
Thoracic duct moves to the left side of the midline
Ligamentum arteriosis
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (wraps around arch of aorta)
Manubriosternal joint

Take a break before diving in2 the lower river mouth

Thorax (4 decks)

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