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Thorax > Lungs > Flashcards

Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

What type of membrane are the pleurae made up of

A

Serous membrane

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2
Q

What does the visceral pleura line

A

interlobular fissures. Covers lungs directly

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3
Q

What does parietal pleura line

A

internal surface of thoracic cavity

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4
Q

At what area are the pleurae continuous with each other

A

hilum of lung and pulmonary ligament

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5
Q

What is the space between the visceral and parietal pleurae

A

pleural cavity

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6
Q

what does the pleural cavity contain

A

serous fluid

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7
Q

what are the functions of the pleural cavity

A

lubricates surfaces of pleurae

creates surface tension so that when the thorax expands, the lungs also expand

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8
Q

if air enters the pleural cavity of the lungs

A

pneumothorax

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9
Q

What are the types of parietal pleurae

A

mediastinal pleura
cervical pleura
costal pleura
diaphragmatic pleura

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10
Q

what does the medistinal pleura cover

A

covers the lateral part of the mediastinum

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11
Q

what does the cervical pleura cover

A

lines extension of the pleural cavity into the neck

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12
Q

what does the costal pleura cover

A

covers inner aspect of ribs, costal cartilages and intercostal muscles

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13
Q

What does the diaphragmatic pleura cover

A

covers thoracic (superior) surface of diaphragm

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14
Q

What are the two pleural recesses

A

costomediastinal

costodiaphragmatic

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15
Q

where is the costomediastinal pleural recess

A

between the costal pleurae and the mediastinal pleurae —- behind the sternum

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16
Q

where is the costodiaphragmatic pleural recess

A

between the costal pleurae and diaphragmatic pleurae

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17
Q

why are the pleural recesses of clinical importance

A

pleural effusion can occur if fluid collects in them

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18
Q

What artery supplies the parietal pleura

A

Intercostal A.

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19
Q

Describe the nervous supply of the visceral pleurae

A

not sensitive to pain, pressure or temperature. Sensory fibers only detect stretch

Autonomic Innervation comes from pulmonary plexus:
sympathetic trunk and Vagus N.

20
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the visceral pleurae

A

From bronchial arteries:
Branches of descending aorta

Also supplies parenchyma of lungs

21
Q

Where is the hilum of the lung

A

Level of 2nd - 4th costal cartilages

22
Q

What are the borders

A

Inferior border
Posterior border
Anterior border

23
Q

Surfaces of the lungs

A

Base (diaphragmatic surface)
Mediastinal surface
Costal surface

24
Q

What are the three lobes of the lungs

A

Superior lobe
Middle lobe
Inferior lobe

25
Q

What does the horizontal fissure

A

Superior lobe

Middle lobe

26
Q

What does the oblique fissure separate

A

Superior lobe

Inferior lobe

27
Q

Wheree is the Azygous vein in relation to the esophagus

A

Lateral

28
Q

What are the lobes of the left lung and what separates them

A

Superior lobe
inferior lobe

Separated by oblique fissure

29
Q

Where is the lingula in relation to the left lung

A

On the mediastinal side of the superior lobe

30
Q

Where is the esophatus and aortic arch in relation to the thoracic aorta

A

Lateral

31
Q

What is the course of the Oblique Fissure (in it’s posterior view)

A

On both lungs:

In midline near spine of vertebra T4

Moves laterally in downward direction reaching rib 6 laterallly

Crosses 4th and 5th intercostal spaces

32
Q

What is the course of the Oblique Fissure (in it’s anterior view)

A

On both lungs:

Follows contour of rib 6 and its costal cartilage

33
Q

What is the course, in its anterior view, of the horizontal fissure

A

Follows contour of rib 4 and its costal cartilage

Begins from anterior border at level of 4th Costal Cartilage and runs horizontally to meet oblique fissure at midaxillary line

34
Q

Where do the anterior borders of the lungs lie? What is its path in each lung

A

Adjacent to the anterior line of parietal pleura reflection, as afar as the 4th costal cartilage

On the left, they go laterallly and inferiorlly at the cardiac notch to reach the level of the 6th costal cartilage

On the right, it continues until xiphisteral joint in a straight line

35
Q

What are the divisions of the tracheobronchial tree

A 
Trachea
Main bronchus
Lobar bronchi
Segmental bronchi
Terminal bronchiole
Respiratory bronchiole
Alveolar ducts

Alveoli

36
Q

What are characteristic of the bronchopulmonary segments

A

Each has
its own bronchus
its own artery

37
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments does the upper lobe of the lung have? what are they?

A

3 lobes

Apical, Posterior, Anterior

38
Q

How many segments does the middle lobe (or lingula) of the lung have

A

2 lobes
Medial
lateral

39
Q

How many segments does the lower lobe of the lung have? What are they

A

5 lobes

Apical, 4 basal (anterior, medial, posterior, lateral)

40
Q

What are the exceptions in the lung segments, in that they have a comon segmental bronchus

A

Apicoposterior segment of the left upper lobe

Anteromedial segment of the left lower lobe

41
Q

What is the artirial suppply of the lungs? Where do these vessels arise

A

Bronchial arteries (of systemic circulation)

Left and Right Bronchial Arteries arise from the Descending Thoracic Aorta

42
Q

What is special about the Right Bronchial Artery

A

It shares a common trunk with the third posterior intercostal artery

43
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the lungs for the left and right lungs

A

Drained by the bronchial veins

Left:
Drains into accessory Hemiazygous Vein or the Left Superior Intercostal Vein

Right
Drains into Azygous Vein

44
Q

What is the innervation of the lungs? What is also identical to it?

A

Lungs and Visceral Pleurae are both innervated in the same way

Parasympathetic: Vagus Nerve

Sympathetic: sympathetic Fibres of Sympathetic Trunk

45
Q

What is the innvervation of the Parietal Pleurae innervated by?

A

Intercostal N

Phrenic Nerve

46
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the lungs

A

Subpleural (superficial) and Deep Lymphatic Plexus

Bronchopulmonary (Hilar) Nodes

Tracheobronchial Nodes
(superior - L and R; Inferior - Carinal)

FROM THERE

R- Right Bronchomediastinal Trunk then Right Lymphatic Duct;
L- Left Bronchomediastinal Trunk then Thoracic duct

Bronchomediastinal Trunks each have a branch into the inferior deep cervical nodes

47
Q

Describe the nerve supply of the parietal pleura

A

sensitive to pressure, pain and temperature
pain is well–localised

SUPPLIED BY PHRENIC AND INTERCOSTAL NERVES:
Costal Pleura: Intercostal nerve

Mediastinal Pleura: Phrenic nerve

Diaphragmatic Pleura: Phrenic nerve and inferior 6 intercostal nerves

Thorax (4 decks)

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