Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Thorax > Heart & Diaphragm > Flashcards

Heart & Diaphragm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of the conducting system of the heart

A

Sinoatrial Node
Atrioventricular Node
Atriventricular bundle of HIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the functions of the sinoatrial node

A

1: Pacemaker
2: Initiates cardiac impulse
3: Send the impulse from SA node to AV node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the functions of the atrioventricular node

A

Delays the contractions of the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the atrioventricular node located?

A

In the right atrium in the lower part of the interatrial septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the atrioventricular bundle of HIS

A

It descends into the interventricular septum and divides into:

1: Right ventricular branch
2: Left ventricular branch

These branches descend in the interventricular septum. They then spread out in the walls of respective ventricles to end as Purkinje fibres.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does the blood supply to the heart come from

A

The right and left coronary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the atrioventricular groove also called

A

Coronary sulcus

Atrioventricular sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the auricle

A

The muscular pouch that expands the capacity of the atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the origin of the right coronary artery

A

Right aortic sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the course of the right coronary artery

A

1: Between pulmonary trunk and right auricle, descends to the right in the coronary sulcus
2: Turns posteriorly at junction of right and inferior border
3: Continues along the posterior part of the coronary sulcus (and then anastomoses with branch of left coronary artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the branches of the right coronary artery

A

Artery to SA node (65% of cases)

Right marginal artery

Posterior interventricular branch

Conus artery

Atrial and ventricular branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the areas supplied by the right coronary artery

A

Most of the right atrium

Right ventricle, except area adjoining anterior interventricular groove

Left ventricle adjacent to posterior interventricular sulcus

Posterior third of interventricular septum

SA node (in 65% of cases)

AV node

Bundle of HIS (except left branch of bundle of HIS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the origin of the left coronary artery

A

Left aortic sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the course of the left coronary artery

A

1: Behind, then to left of pulmonary trunk to reach left part of coronary sulcus

2: Divides into:
- - Anterior interventricular artery
- - Circumflex artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the braches of the left coronary artery

A

Anterior interventricular artery

Circumflex artery

Diagonal artery

Atrial and ventricular branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the areas supplied by the left coronary artery

A

Left atrium

Left ventricle (except area adjoining posterior interventricular groove)

Right ventricle adjacent to anterior interventricular sulcus

Anterior two-thirds of interventricular septum

SA node (35% of cases)

Part of the left branch of bundle of HIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is coronary artery dominance determined

A

Whether the posterior interventriuclar artery is attached to the right coronary artery or the left coronary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three ways that the heart is drained

A

1: Coronary sinus
2: Anterior cardiac veins
3: Venus cordis minimae

19
Q

Where is the coronary sinus

A

In the posterior part of the coronary sulcus

20
Q

What are the tricutaries of the coronary sinus

A 
Great cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
Right marginal vein 
Oblique vein of left atrium
Posterior ventricular vein
21
Q

What are the anterior cardiac veins

A

Several small veins that drain anterior aspect of the right ventricle that open up into right atrium

22
Q

What do the venus cordis minimae drain

A

Endocardium and deep myocardium

23
Q

Where do the venus cordis minimae drain into

A

Open directly into each chamber of the heart

24
Q

Explain the nerve supply of the heart

A

Carciac Plexus (Autonomic nervous system)

Made up of:
A: SYMPATHETIC FIBRES
-From the superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia
-From the spinal segments (T1-T4)

B: PARASYMPATHETIC FIBRES
-Vagus nerve

25
Q

What is the position of the superficial cardiac plexus

A

Inferior to the arch of the aorta

26
Q

What is the position of the deep cardiac plexus

A

Posterior to arch of aorta

Anterior to tracheal bifurcation

27
Q

Why are there different areas of referred pain in angina pectoris or myocardial infarction

A

Posterior roots of T1-T5 (afferent-containing) supply:

– Sympathetic cardiac nerves

– Medial border of left upper limb

–Left side of chest wall

28
Q

What happens when the diaphragm contracts

A

Increases internal height of thoracic cavity

Lowers internal pressure

Inspiration of air

29
Q

What are the peripheral attachments of the diaphragm

A

Lumbar vertebrae and arcuate ligaments

Costal cartilages (of ribs 7-10) ; ribs 11 and 12

Xiphoid process

30
Q

Briefly, what are the crura

A

Parts of the diaphragm arising from the vertebrae that are tindinous in structure

31
Q

Where does the right crus arise

A

From L1-L3 and their intervertebral disks

32
Q

Where does the left crus arise

A

From L1-L2 and their intervertebral disks

33
Q

What surrounds the oesophageal opening, acting as a physiological sphincter

A

Right crus

34
Q

What is the central tendon of the diaphragm formed by

A

Convergence of muscle fibres of the diaphragm

Fuses with inferior surface of the pericardium

35
Q

What are the three openings in the diaphragm

A

Oesphageal opening
Aortic opening
Caval opening

36
Q

Where is the oesophageal opening located

A

At level of T10

37
Q

What does the oesophageal opening contain

A

Oesophagus
Vagus nerves
Oesophageal branches of left gastric vessels

38
Q

Where is the aortic opening located

A

T12

39
Q

What does the aortic opening contain

A

Aorta
Thoracic duct
Azygous vein

40
Q

Where is the caval opening located

A

T8

41
Q

What does the caval opening contain

A

Inferior vena cava

42
Q

What is the innervation of the diaphragm

A 
Phrenic nerve
Cardiac plexus (C3-C5)
43
Q

What is the vasculature of the diaphragm

A

Inferior phrenic artery (mostly)
Superior phrenic artery
Pericardiophrenic artery
Musculophrenic artery

Draining veins follow these arteries

Thorax (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions