Thoracic Cage

Question 1

the thoracic cage is

Answer 1

its an osseo cartilaginous cavity which is composed of:
anteriorly: sternum and costal cartilages
posteriorly: veryebral columns
on either side: ribs

Question 2

function of thorax cage

Answer 2

1. protection of thoracic organ and abdominal organ
   e.g. heart, lungs, vessels, liver, spleen
2. Respiration

Question 3

parts of the sternum

Answer 3

it has 3 parts:
• manubrium
• body
• Xiphoid process

Question 4

what is the sternal angle

Answer 4

called the angle of louis
it is formed by the articulation of the manubrium with the body of the sternum
it is at level of the second costal cartilage

Question 5

what is the function of sternal angle

Answer 5

counting of the ribs
its one of the sites to take bone marrow biopsy

Question 6

classification of ribs according to attachment to sternum

Answer 6

True ribs: 1st to 7th ribs, attach to thoracic vertebrae and sternum
False ribs: 8th, 9th and 10th ribs, theyre attached anyeriorly to each other and to the 7th rib
Floating ribs: 11th and 12th ribs , have no attachment in the front

Question 7

classification of ribs according to their shape

Answer 7

Typical: 3rd to 9th
Non-typical: 1st, 2nd, 10th, 11th and 12th

Question 8

function of anterior end of typical ribs (?)

Answer 8

its cup shaped and articulates with the costal cartilage

Question 9

parts of the typical rib shaft

Answer 9

• 2 borders: upper rounded and lower sharp
• 2 surfaces: outer convex and inner concave
• a costal groove:present in the lower part of the inner surface and contains intercostal vein, artery and nerve
• the angle: divudes the shaft into anterior ¾ (flat from side to side) and posterior ¼ (cylinder)

Question 10

parts of the posterior end of the typical rib

Answer 10

1. Head: has 2 facets seperated by a crest
the superior facet articulates with the inferior demifacet on the side of the body of the vertebra above it
The inferior facet articulates with superior demifacet on the side of the body of the corresponding vertebra
The crest articulates with the intervertebral disc
2. neck: constricted part following the head
3. tubercle: formed of 2 parts
- a rough lateral non-articular part
- a smooth medial part, which articulates with the facet on the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra

Question 11

parts of the typical rib

Answer 11

head
neck
tubercle
angle
shaft or body
subcostal groove,contains:
A. intercostal Vain
B. intercostal Artery
C. Intercostal Nerve

Question 12

the needle should be inserted above the superior border of the rib

Answer 12

random note

Question 13

joints of the sternum

Answer 13

A. Manubriosternal joint
B. Xiphisternal joint

Question 14

what kind of joint is tge manubriosternal joint

Answer 14

its a ** secondary cartilaginous joint** between the manubrium and the body of the sternum
it provides a small amount of angular movement during respiration

Question 15

what kind of joint is the Xiphisternal joint

Answer 15

its a secondary cartilaginous joint between the xiphoid process and the body of the sternum

Question 16

joints of the ribs (of the posterior end)

Answer 16

theyre plane synovial
1. costo-vertebral joints
2. costo-tranverse joint

Question 17

articulating bones of the costo-vertebral joints

Answer 17

• theyre between the head of a typical rib and the corresponding vertebra and the vertebra above and their intervertebral disc
• the head of the 1st, 10th, 11th, and 12th ribs carries only one facet to articulate with the body of the corresponding vertebra only

Question 18

articulating bones of the costo-transverse joint

Answer 18

• the smooth articular part of the tubercle of the rib arriculates with the articular facet ong the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra
  -the 11th and 12th ribs carry no tubercles and therefore have no costo-tranverse joints

Question 19

joints of the costal cartilages

Answer 19

A. sternocostal joint
B. chostochondral joint
C. Interchondral joints

Question 20

articulation of the sternocostal joint and type

Answer 20

• plane synovial joint
• between sternum and costal cartilage of true ribs
• tge 1st costal cartilages articulate with the manubrium, by primary cartilaginous joint with no movement

Question 21

chostocondral joint type and articulation

Answer 21

-primary cartilaginous joints
- between ribs and costal cartilage
-no movement is possible

Question 22

interchondral joints articulation and type

Answer 22

plane synovial joint
between 6-9 costal cartilages

Question 23

chest wall abnormalities

Answer 23

1. pectus excavatum (sunken or funnel chest
2. rectus carinatum (pigeon chest)
3. flail chest

Question 24

what is pectus excavatum

Answer 24

its a congenital deformty in which several ribs and the sternum grow abnormally, producing a concave, or caved-in, appearance in the anterior chest wall

Question 25

what is rectus carinatum

Answer 25

its a deformity of the chest characterized by a protrusiin of the sternum

Question 26

whats a flail chest

Answer 26

• its a life-threatening medical condtion that occurs when a segment of the rib cage breaks due to trauma
• in this case, multiple adjacent ribs are broken in multiple places, seperating a segment so a part of the chest wall moves independently
• two of the symptoms of flail chest are chest pain and shortness of breath