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Anatomy > Bones of The Upper Limb > Flashcards

Bones of The Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

the upper limb bones are

A

clavicle, scapula humerus, ulna, radius, 8 carpal bones, 5 metacarpal bones and 14 phalanges

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2
Q

clavicle definition

A

its a long bone which has 2 ends and a shaft
its called a modified long bone because it has no medullary cavity
its the only long bone placed horizontally

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3
Q

clavicle ends

A

2 ends
medial (sternal)
lateral (acromial)

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4
Q

clavicle shaft

A

its medial ⅔ is convex anteriorly
its later ⅓ is covex posteriorly (concave anteriorly)

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5
Q

clavicle surfaces

A

the upper surface is smooth
the lower surface rough contains in the middle subclevius groove laterally conoid tubercle and trapezoid ridge

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6
Q

articulation of the clavicle joints

A

sternoclavicular joint and the acromioclavicular joint

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7
Q

sternoclavicular joint articulating bones

A

sternal end of clavicle with sternum

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8
Q

acromioclavicular joint articulating bones

A

lateral end of clavicle with acromium

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9
Q

scapula definition

A

its a flat (triangular) bone, lies in an olique plane on the posterior-lateral aspect of the upper part of the chest wall

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10
Q

parts of the clavicle

A
  1. 2 ends: medial (sternal) and lateral (acromial)
    the medial end is bulky and the lateral end is flat
  2. 2 surfaces (upper and lower)
    the lower surface shows subclavius groove in the middle and conoid tubercle & trapezoid ridge laterally
  3. 2 borders (anterior and posterior)
  4. its medial ⅔ is covex anteriorly and its lateral ⅓ is convex posteriorly
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11
Q

function of the clavicle

A
  1. it transmits weight and forces from upper limb to the axial skeleton
  2. it protects the vessels and nerves running behind it
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12
Q

what part of the clavicle is the most common to be fractured? why?

A

the ⅓ middle is the most common site to be fractured in the U.L.
because its protruding

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13
Q

borders of the scapula

A
  1. superior border (+ the suprascapular notch)
  2. medial border (vertebral)
  3. lateral border
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14
Q

angles of the scapula

A
  1. superior at 2nd thoracic spine
  2. inferior at 7th thoracic spine
  3. lateral angle (glenoid cavity/ supra and infra glenoid tubercle)
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15
Q

processes of scapula

A

spinous process (spine), acromium process and coracoid process

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16
Q

surfaces of the scapula

A

costal surface (subscapular fossa)
dorsal surface ( supraspinous fossa and the infraspinous fossa)

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17
Q

articulation of the scapula joints

A

shoulder joint

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18
Q

shoulder joint articulating bones

A

head of humerus with glenoid cavity

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19
Q

movements of the shoulder or the arm

A
  1. flexion and extension
  2. abduction and adduction
  3. medial and lateral rotation
  4. circumduction
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20
Q

humerus definition

A

its a long bone (the bone of the arm) ot has an upper and lower end and a shaft

21
Q

the upper end of the humerus consists of

A

1. head
2. greater tuberosity (tubercle, lateral)
3. lesser tuberosity (tubercle, medial)
4. Inter-tubercular (biciptal) groove which is located in front of upper part of the shaft, the groove has a lateral lip, medial lip and floor
5. surgical neck
6. anatomical neck

22
Q

the shaft of the humerus consists of

A

A. three surfaces
1. antero-medial surface
2. antero-lateral surface shows the deltoid tuberosity
3. posterior surface shows spiral or radial groove (radial nerve passes across)
B. three borders
1. anterior border
2. medial and lateral borders forming medial and lateral supracondylar rigdes respectively

23
Q

lower part of humerus consists of

A

1. 2 epicondyles medial and lateral
2. trochlea medially for articulation with trochlea of ulna
3. capitulum laterally for articulation with head of radius
4. 3 fossae radial and coronoid fossa anteriorly and olecranon fossa posteriorly

24
Q

whats the carrying angle

A

it is the angle begween the long axis of humerus and the long axis of extended supinated forearm
it allows free movements of upper limb away from the pelvis and helps carrying objects
the normal range is 5 to 15 degrees

25
Q

abnormalities of carrying angle

A

decreased angle below 5 degrees is cubitus vargus
increased angle above 15 degrees is cubitus valgus

26
Q

articulating bones of the elbow joint

A

trochlea and capitulum of the humerus and trochlear notch of the ulna and the head of the radius

27
Q

movement of the elbow joint

A

flexion and extension

28
Q

ulna definition

A

it is a long bone forming the medial bone of the forearm

29
Q

radius definition

A

it is a long bone forming the lateral bone of the forearm, it had an upper end, shaft and a lower end

30
Q

the upper part of the radius consists of

A

the head which has 2 articular surfaces (articulates with the capitulum of humerus and radial notch of ulna) [upper surface and its circumference]
the neck
the radial tuberosity

31
Q

The shaft of the radius has

A

3 borders (anterior, prosterior and medial borders or interosseous)
3 surfaces (anterior, posterior and lateral)

32
Q

the lower end of the radius has

A

5 surfaces
1. anterior (smooth) rough
2. posterior, it has dorsal tubercle
3. lateral shows styloid process
4. medial surface form ulnar notch of radius (articulates with head of the ulna)
5. inferior smooth articular surfaces (articulates with carpal bones)

33
Q

joints of radius and ulna

A
  1. proximal radioulnar joint
  2. distal radioulnar joint
  3. wrist joint
34
Q

articulating bones of the proximal radioulnar joint

A

head of the radius, radial notch of the ulna and annular ligament

35
Q

articulating bones of the distal radioulnar joint

A

head of the ulna, ulnar notch of the radius

36
Q

what type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint

A

pivot synovial

37
Q

what type of joint is the distal radioulnar joint

A

pivot synovial

38
Q

articulating bones of the wrist joint

A

above: inferior surface of radius and articular disc
below: Scaphoid-lunate-triquetrum

39
Q

wrist joint type

A

synovial condyloid joint

40
Q

sternoclavicular joint type

A

synovial plane

41
Q

acromioclavicular joint type

A

synovial plane

42
Q

shoulder joint type

A

ball and socket synovial

43
Q

elbow joint type

A

hinge synovial

44
Q

bones of the hand

A

carpal bones, metacarpal bones and phalanges

45
Q

the carpal bones

A

the proximal row is formed of 4 bones from lateral to medial: schapoid - lunate - triquetrum - pisiform
the distal row is formed of 4 bones from lateral to medial : trapezium - trapezoid - capitate - hamate

46
Q

how many metacarpal bones are there in a hand

A

5, named one to five from lateral to medial

47
Q

how many phalanges

A

each finger has 3 phalanges except thumb has only two
they are named proximal, middle and distal

48
Q

joints of the hand

A
  1. intercatpl joints
  2. carpometacarpal joints (4 medial fingers)
  3. carpometacarpal joint (thumb)
  4. metacarpophalangeal joints
  5. proximal interphalangeal joints
  6. distal inter phalangeal joints
49
Q

what type of joint is each of the hands joints

A
  1. intercarpal joints -> plane synovial
  2. carpometacarpal joints -> plane synovial
  3. metacarpophalangeal (fingers) -> comdyloid joint
  4. metacarpophalangeal (thumb) -> saddle joint
  5. interphalangeal-> hinge synovial

Anatomy (7 decks)

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