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CVR anatomy > Thoracic Cage > Flashcards

Thoracic Cage Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 parts are sternum composed of:

A

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

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2
Q

What is the angle of Louis/ sternal angle

A

The point where the manubrium and body articulate at a manubriosternal joint- level of 2nd rib/T4

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3
Q

Suprasternal (jugular) notch

A

Notch in superior border of manubrium

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4
Q

How many pairs of ribs

A

12 angled downwards from back to front

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5
Q

What is the costal margin

A

The 7, 8, 9, 10th costal cartilage join to one another

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6
Q

Costochondral joint

A

Point where rib and costal cartilage articulate

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7
Q

Sternocostal joint

A

Costal cartilage and sternum articulate

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8
Q

Costovertebral joint

A

Ribs and thoracic vertebrae articulate

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9
Q

Typical ribs

A

Thin, flat, curved in a spiral
Ribs 3-9
Have a head, neck, body, tubercle

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10
Q

Number of thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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11
Q

Which ligaments hold the joints of the vertebrae together

A

Radiate ligament and superior costotransverse ligament

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12
Q

Synovial joints between vertebrae

A
  • Head of rib articulates with vertebral body - head has 2 articular facets
    • Tubercle of rib articulates with transverse process of vertebra (costotransverse joint)
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13
Q

3 types of intercostal muscle

A

External, internal, innermost

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14
Q

External intercostal muscle

A

fibres are orientated antero-inferiorly
• contraction pulls ribs superiorly- most active in inspiration
• In anterior part of intercostal space, muscle becomes membranous and forms the external intercostal membrane

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15
Q

Internal intercostal muscle

A

fibres run perpendicular to external intercostal in a postero-inferior direction
• Contraction pulls ribs inferiorly- most active in expiration
• Internal intercostal becomes membranous in posterior path of intercostal space and forms the internal intercostal membrne

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16
Q

Innermost intercostal muscle

A

lies in posterior part of intercostal space
• Fibres orientated in same direction of internal intercostal

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17
Q

Endothoracic fascia

A

Lies deep to innermost intercostal but superficial to parietal pleura

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18
Q

Where does the intercostal neurovascular bundle lie

A

In between the internal and innermost intercostal muscle

Lies along the inferior border of the rib superior to the space in a shallow costal groove on deep surface of rib

19
Q

Intercostal nerves

A

Somatic and contain motor and sensory fibres
Also carry sympathetic fibres
Innervate the intercostal muscles, the skin of the chest wall and the parietal pleura

20
Q

What is the anterior intercostal artery branched from

A

Internal thoracic artery (branches from subclavian artery)

21
Q

What is the posterior intercostal artery branched from

A

Descending aorta in posterior thorax

22
Q

What do anterior thoracic veins drain into

A

Internal thoracic vein

23
Q

What do posterior thoracic veins drain into

A

Azygos system of veins

24
Q

What does the intercostal neurovascular bundle supply

A

intercostal muscles, overlying skin and underlying parietal pleura

25
Q

Thoracic cage is semi-rigid

A

costal cartilage that forms a flexible, springy ridge

26
Q

Superior thoracic aperture

A

Manubrium, first ribs and first thoracic vertebra form boundary of superior thoracic aperture- passageway through which structures pass between neck and thorax

27
Q

The suprasternal notch is a feature of which bone?

A

Manubrium

28
Q

Intervertebral discs

A

The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are separated and united by an intervertebral disc, which provides padding and allows for movements between adjacent vertebrae.
The disc consists of a fibrous outer layer called the anulus fibrosus and a gel-like center called the nucleus pulposus.

29
Q

Anulus fibrosus

A

Outer fibrous layer of intervertebral disc
Chondrocytes present
In the outer casing strong bands of collagen fibres are evident

30
Q

Nucleus polposus

A

Gel-like centre of intervertebral disc
Chondrocytes present
at the centre the collagen is more evenly dispersed.

31
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the vertebra covered by

A

Hyaline cartilage

32
Q

Where do the posterior intercostal arteries originate from

A

originate from the superior (supreme) intercostal artery, a branch of the costocervical trunk. Third to eleventh posterior intercostal arteries arise directly from the posterior surface of the thoracic aorta.

33
Q

what feature of the rib protects the neurovascular bundle

A

Costal groove

34
Q

Number of posterior intercostal arteries

A

11

35
Q

Number of anterior intercostal arteries

A

9

36
Q

Where do anterior intercostal arteries originate from

A

The 1st to 6th anterior intercostal arteries arise directly from the lateral aspect of the internal thoracic artery. The 7th to 9th arise from the musculophrenic artery, a branch of the internal thoracic artery.

37
Q

Importance of the sternal angle
RATPLANT

A

Rib - 2nd
Aortic arch
Trachea bifurcation
Pulmonary trunk bifurcation
Left recurrent laryngeal loops under aorta + Ligamentum arteriosum
Azygos vein drains into superior vena cava
Nerve- cardiac plexus
Thoracic duct empties into left subclavian vein

38
Q

Parts of scapula from top to bottom

A

Acromion
Coracoid process
Glenoid fossa
Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa

39
Q

Dermatome of suprapubic region

A

T12

40
Q

Muscles of thoracic wall superficial to deep

A

Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
External intercostal
Internal intercostal
Innermost intercostal

41
Q

Dermatome level of shoulder

A

C5

42
Q

Action of serratus anterior muscle

A

Protract the scapula

43
Q

Serratus anterior is supplied by which nerve

A

Long thoracic nerve

44
Q

Which vein drains the posterior thoracic wall into the superior vena cava?

A

Azygos

CVR anatomy (13 decks)

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