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CVR anatomy > Nasal And Oral Cavities > Flashcards

Nasal And Oral Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

Semilunar hiatus

A

a crescent-shaped groove in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity just inferior to the ethmoidal bulla. It is the location of the openings for the frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, and anterior ethmoidal sinus.

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2
Q

Nasal cavity is split into

A

Left and right nasal cavities form first part of respiratory tract
Separated by a thin midline septum - formed of cartilage and bone

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3
Q

What separates the oral cavity and nasal cavity

A

Hard palate (floor of nasal cavity)

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4
Q

What separates the brain and nasal cavity

A

Bone (the roof of the nasal cavity)
Cribriform plate

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5
Q

Midline nasal septum

A

Cartilage anteriorly
Superior part of posterior septum = perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Inferior part of posterior septum = vomer bone

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6
Q

3 projections of bone on lateral wall of nasal cavity

A

Superior, middle and inferior conchae

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7
Q

What are the spaces inferior to the conchae

A

The superior, middle and inferior meatuses

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8
Q

What is the function of the meatuses

A

Inspired air is warmed, humidified and filtered

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9
Q

Cribriform plate

A

Delicate section of bone perforated with tiny holes
Separates nasal cavity and cranium
Olfactory nerves from the olfactory receptors in the mucosa of the upper part of the nasal cavity travel through the perforations to the brain

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10
Q

Arterial supply of the nasal cavity

A

Several arteries including branches of the maxillary artery which is a terminal branch of the external carotid artery

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11
Q

Blood supply to the nasal septum

A

An anastomotic network formed supplies this nasal cavity
Often site of bleeding in a nosebleed (epistaxis)

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12
Q

Innervation of the nose

A

Sensory via branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

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13
Q

4 paranasal sinuses

A

Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Maxillary

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14
Q

Where is the frontal sinuses

A

Lie within the anterior part of the frontal bone

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15
Q

Where is the ethmoid sinus

A

Air cells lie within the ethmoid bone (superior to the nasal cavity and medial to the orbits)

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16
Q

Where are the sphenoid sinuses

A

Lie within the sphenoid bone

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17
Q

Where are the maxillary sinuses

A

Lie within the maxillae of the facial skeleton
Lateral to the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

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18
Q

Where does the frontal sinus drain into

A

Middle meatus

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19
Q

Where does the sphenoid sinus drain into

A

Spheno-ethmoidal recess

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20
Q

Where do the ethmoid air cells drain into

A

Superior and middle meatuses

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21
Q

Where does the maxillary sinus drain into

A

Middle meatus
(opening into the middle meatus lies superomedially, therefore it cannot drain feely when the head is upright)

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22
Q

Nasolacrimal duct

A

Drains fluid that lubricates the anterior surface of the eye into nasal cavity
Opens into inferior meatus

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23
Q

Middle ear

A

Small cavity within the temporal bone that is modified for hearing
Contains 3 tiny bones that transmit sound waves to the inner ear

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24
Q

Eustachian tube

A

Auditory tube connects middle ear to nasopharynx
Opening seen on lateral wall of nasopharynx surrounded by tonsillar tissue (which forms a slight bulge)

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25
Q

Function of auditory tube

A

Allows air to pass into the middle ear so that the pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane (eardrum) is equal - important for optimal conduction of sound waves

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26
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

Eardrum
Lies between the middle and external ear

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27
Q

The palate

A

Composed of hard (anteriorly of bone) and soft (posteriorly of muscle) palate
Forms roof of oral cavity

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28
Q

Hard palate

A

Composed of palatine processes of the maxillae and horizontal plates of the palatine bone

29
Q

Function of hard palate

A

Prevents food or fluid entering the nasal cavity
Push our tongue against hard palate during first phase of swallowing which forces food and fluid backwards into the oesophagus
Push tongue against hard palate to articulate certain sounds

30
Q

Cleft palate

A

Palate does not form properly during embryological development
Causes difficulty with eating, swallowing and speech if not repaired

31
Q

Soft palate

A

Posterior to hard palate
Composed of several muscles

32
Q

Uvula

A

Midline conical projection which hangs from the posterior border of the soft palate

33
Q

Innervation of soft palate

A

Vagus nerve (CN X)

34
Q

Function of soft palate

A

Muscles contract during swallowing which elevated the soft palate closing the nasopharynx from the oral cavity - prevents reflux of food and fluid into nasal cavity

35
Q

Superior boundary of oral cavity

A

Hard and soft palate (roof of the mouth)

36
Q

Inferior border of the oral cavity

A

Soft tissues and muscles (floor of the mouth)

37
Q

Lateral borders of the oral cavity

A

Cheeks which contain the buccinator muscle

38
Q

What does the oral cavity contain

A

Tongue
Teeth
Gums
Opening of salivary ducts

39
Q

How many teeth do adults have

A

32
-16 embedded in the maxilla (upper jaw) and 16 in the mandible (lower jaw)

40
Q

Different types of teeth

A

In the upper and lower jaws there are:
4 incisors
2 canines
4 premolars
6 molars

41
Q

What are teeth composed of

A

An inner pulp which contains blood vessels and nerves
Dentin surrounding the pulp
An outer hard coating of enamel

42
Q

Erosion of enamel and dentin

A

Caused by bacteria or foodstuffs
Can lead to decay, inflammation, infection of the pulp (which a]can spread to the bone and lead to abscess formation)

43
Q

Papillae

A

Located on superior surface on tongue
Detect taste

44
Q

Vallecula

A

Space between the posterior tongue and anterior aspect of the epiglottis

45
Q

Location of tongue

A

anterior part of the tongue lies in the oral cavity, and the posterior part (the root) extends into the oropharynx

46
Q

motor Innervation of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

47
Q

Intrinsic tongue muscles

A

Lie within the tongue
Paired bilaterally and fuse in the midline
Change the shape of the tongue

48
Q

Extrinsic tongue muscle

A

Attached to the tongue but originate from outside it in the mandible and hyoid bone
Move the tongue

49
Q

How many nerves control sensory Innervation of the tongue

A

3:
Facial nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve

50
Q

Facial nerve (CN VII)- tongue

A

Taste in anterior 2/3

51
Q

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)- tongue

A

General sensation (touch, pain, temperature) in anterior 2/3

52
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)- tongue

A

Taste and general sensation in posterior 1/3

53
Q

Arterial supply of oral cavity

A

Lingual, maxillary and facial arteries (branches of external carotid artery)

54
Q

Location of pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid)

A

Roof and posterior wall of nasopharynx

55
Q

Location of tubal tonsil

A

Surrounds opening of auditory tube on lateral wall of nasopharynx

56
Q

Location of palatine tonsil

A

Lateral walls of oropharynx (visible when mouth open)

57
Q

Location of lingual tonsil

A

Collection of lymphoid tissue in the posterior tongue

58
Q

3 pairs of salivary glands

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingular

59
Q

What is glandular secretion stimulated by

A

Parasympathetic fibres

60
Q

Parotid gland

A

Largest of glands
Overlies posterior part of mandible- basically in cheek
Saliva empties into the mouth via the parotid duct, which opens adjacent to the upper 2nd molar tooth
Closely related to external carotid artery

61
Q

Parotid gland and facial nerve

A

After the nerve exits the skull, it enters the deep surface of the parotid gland. Within the gland the facial nerve divides into five branches which emerge to innervate the muscles of facial expression.

62
Q

Innervation of parotid gland

A

Parasympathetic fibres in the Glossopharyngeal nerve

63
Q

Submandibular glands

A

Smaller than parotid glands
Lie inferior to body of mandible, just anterior to the angle
Opens into the floor of the mouth, under the tongue

64
Q

Innervation of submandibular gland

A

Parasympathetic fibres in facial nerve

65
Q

Sublingual glands

A

Lie in floor of mouth
Open via several small ducts into floor of the mouth

66
Q

Innervation of sublingual glands

A

Parasympathetic fibres in facial nerve

67
Q

where does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity near

A

the upper 2nd molar tooth

68
Q

Why does heat cause a nosebleed

A

Vasodilation of capillaries causing them to burst

69
Q

How many teeth do adults have

A

32

CVR anatomy (13 decks)

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