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CVR anatomy > Nasal And Oral Cavities > Flashcards

Nasal And Oral Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

Semilunar hiatus

A

a crescent-shaped groove in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity just inferior to the ethmoidal bulla. It is the location of the openings for the frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, and anterior ethmoidal sinus.

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2
Q

Nasal cavity is split into

A

Left and right nasal cavities form first part of respiratory tract
Separated by a thin midline septum - formed of cartilage and bone

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3
Q

What separates the oral cavity and nasal cavity

A

Hard palate (floor of nasal cavity)

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4
Q

What separates the brain and nasal cavity

A

Bone (the roof of the nasal cavity)
Cribriform plate

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5
Q

Midline nasal septum

A

Cartilage anteriorly
Superior part of posterior septum = perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Inferior part of posterior septum = vomer bone

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6
Q

3 projections of bone on lateral wall of nasal cavity

A

Superior, middle and inferior conchae

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7
Q

What are the spaces inferior to the conchae

A

The superior, middle and inferior meatuses

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8
Q

What is the function of the meatuses

A

Inspired air is warmed, humidified and filtered

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9
Q

Cribriform plate

A

Delicate section of bone perforated with tiny holes
Separates nasal cavity and cranium
Olfactory nerves from the olfactory receptors in the mucosa of the upper part of the nasal cavity travel through the perforations to the brain

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10
Q

Arterial supply of the nasal cavity

A

Several arteries including branches of the maxillary artery which is a terminal branch of the external carotid artery

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11
Q

Blood supply to the nasal septum

A

An anastomotic network formed supplies this nasal cavity
Often site of bleeding in a nosebleed (epistaxis)

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12
Q

Innervation of the nose

A

Sensory via branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

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13
Q

4 paranasal sinuses

A

Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Maxillary

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14
Q

Where is the frontal sinuses

A

Lie within the anterior part of the frontal bone

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15
Q

Where is the ethmoid sinus

A

Air cells lie within the ethmoid bone (superior to the nasal cavity and medial to the orbits)

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16
Q

Where are the sphenoid sinuses

A

Lie within the sphenoid bone

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17
Q

Where are the maxillary sinuses

A

Lie within the maxillae of the facial skeleton
Lateral to the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

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18
Q

Where does the frontal sinus drain into

A

Middle meatus

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19
Q

Where does the sphenoid sinus drain into

A

Spheno-ethmoidal recess

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20
Q

Where do the ethmoid air cells drain into

A

Superior and middle meatuses

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21
Q

Where does the maxillary sinus drain into

A

Middle meatus
(opening into the middle meatus lies superomedially, therefore it cannot drain feely when the head is upright)

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22
Q

Nasolacrimal duct

A

Drains fluid that lubricates the anterior surface of the eye into nasal cavity
Opens into inferior meatus

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23
Q

Middle ear

A

Small cavity within the temporal bone that is modified for hearing
Contains 3 tiny bones that transmit sound waves to the inner ear

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24
Q

Eustachian tube

A

Auditory tube connects middle ear to nasopharynx
Opening seen on lateral wall of nasopharynx surrounded by tonsillar tissue (which forms a slight bulge)

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25
Function of auditory tube
Allows air to pass into the middle ear so that the pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane (eardrum) is equal - important for optimal conduction of sound waves
26
Tympanic membrane
Eardrum Lies between the middle and external ear
27
The palate
Composed of hard (anteriorly of bone) and soft (posteriorly of muscle) palate Forms roof of oral cavity
28
Hard palate
Composed of palatine processes of the maxillae and horizontal plates of the palatine bone
29
Function of hard palate
Prevents food or fluid entering the nasal cavity Push our tongue against hard palate during first phase of swallowing which forces food and fluid backwards into the oesophagus Push tongue against hard palate to articulate certain sounds
30
Cleft palate
Palate does not form properly during embryological development Causes difficulty with eating, swallowing and speech if not repaired
31
Soft palate
Posterior to hard palate Composed of several muscles
32
Uvula
Midline conical projection which hangs from the posterior border of the soft palate
33
Innervation of soft palate
Vagus nerve (CN X)
34
Function of soft palate
Muscles contract during swallowing which elevated the soft palate closing the nasopharynx from the oral cavity - prevents reflux of food and fluid into nasal cavity
35
Superior boundary of oral cavity
Hard and soft palate (roof of the mouth)
36
Inferior border of the oral cavity
Soft tissues and muscles (floor of the mouth)
37
Lateral borders of the oral cavity
Cheeks which contain the buccinator muscle
38
What does the oral cavity contain
Tongue Teeth Gums Opening of salivary ducts
39
How many teeth do adults have
32 -16 embedded in the maxilla (upper jaw) and 16 in the mandible (lower jaw)
40
Different types of teeth
In the upper and lower jaws there are: 4 incisors 2 canines 4 premolars 6 molars
41
What are teeth composed of
An inner pulp which contains blood vessels and nerves Dentin surrounding the pulp An outer hard coating of enamel
42
Erosion of enamel and dentin
Caused by bacteria or foodstuffs Can lead to decay, inflammation, infection of the pulp (which a]can spread to the bone and lead to abscess formation)
43
Papillae
Located on superior surface on tongue Detect taste
44
Vallecula
Space between the posterior tongue and anterior aspect of the epiglottis
45
Location of tongue
anterior part of the tongue lies in the oral cavity, and the posterior part (the root) extends into the oropharynx
46
motor Innervation of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
47
Intrinsic tongue muscles
Lie within the tongue Paired bilaterally and fuse in the midline Change the shape of the tongue
48
Extrinsic tongue muscle
Attached to the tongue but originate from outside it in the mandible and hyoid bone Move the tongue
49
How many nerves control sensory Innervation of the tongue
3: Facial nerve Trigeminal nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve
50
Facial nerve (CN VII)- tongue
Taste in anterior 2/3
51
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)- tongue
General sensation (touch, pain, temperature) in anterior 2/3
52
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)- tongue
Taste and general sensation in posterior 1/3
53
Arterial supply of oral cavity
Lingual, maxillary and facial arteries (branches of external carotid artery)
54
Location of pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid)
Roof and posterior wall of nasopharynx
55
Location of tubal tonsil
Surrounds opening of auditory tube on lateral wall of nasopharynx
56
Location of palatine tonsil
Lateral walls of oropharynx (visible when mouth open)
57
Location of lingual tonsil
Collection of lymphoid tissue in the posterior tongue
58
3 pairs of salivary glands
Parotid Submandibular Sublingular
59
What is glandular secretion stimulated by
Parasympathetic fibres
60
Parotid gland
Largest of glands Overlies posterior part of mandible- basically in cheek Saliva empties into the mouth via the parotid duct, which opens adjacent to the upper 2nd molar tooth Closely related to external carotid artery
61
Parotid gland and facial nerve
After the nerve exits the skull, it enters the deep surface of the parotid gland. Within the gland the facial nerve divides into five branches which emerge to innervate the muscles of facial expression.
62
Innervation of parotid gland
Parasympathetic fibres in the Glossopharyngeal nerve
63
Submandibular glands
Smaller than parotid glands Lie inferior to body of mandible, just anterior to the angle Opens into the floor of the mouth, under the tongue
64
Innervation of submandibular gland
Parasympathetic fibres in facial nerve
65
Sublingual glands
Lie in floor of mouth Open via several small ducts into floor of the mouth
66
Innervation of sublingual glands
Parasympathetic fibres in facial nerve
67
where does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity near
the upper 2nd molar tooth
68
Why does heat cause a nosebleed
Vasodilation of capillaries causing them to burst
69
How many teeth do adults have
32

CVR anatomy (13 decks)

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