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Thoracic Flashcards

1
Q

What are the true ribs?

A

1-7

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2
Q

What are the false ribs

A

8-10

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3
Q

What are the floating ribs

A

11-12

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4
Q

What makes Rib 1 atypical

A

No angle and only 1 articulation (w/ T1)

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5
Q

What makes rib 2 atypica

A

Large tuberosity

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6
Q

What makes rib 10 atypical

A

single costovertebral articulation

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7
Q

What makes rib 11 and 12 atypical

A

No neck or tubercles, articulates with corresponding vertebral body

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8
Q

What kind of joint is the sternochondral joint of rib 1

A

synchondrosis, non-synovial

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9
Q

What kind of sternochondral joints do ribs 2-7 have?

A

synovial articulations

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10
Q

What are the three articulations of a typical posterior rib?

A

1 costotransverse joint, 2 costovertebral joint (inferior and superior)

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11
Q

What are the 5 muscles of active breathing (exhalation)

A

intercostalis int., rectus abdominis, obliques interal and external, transversus abdominis

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12
Q

What causes quiet breathing exhalation

A

passive recoil of lungs

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13
Q

Where does the serratus posterior inferior originate and insert?

A

ORG: SP of T10-L2 and Insert: ribs 9-12

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14
Q

What are the 4 functions of the ribs and sternum

A

Respiration

Protection of vital organs

Pump for venous and lymphatic return

Support structure for the upper extremities

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15
Q

What ribs exhibit pump handle motion, what plane and axis do they move in?

A

Ribs 1 -5, sagittal plane and transverse axis

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16
Q

What ribs exhibit bucket handle motion, what plane and axis do they move in?

A

ribs 6-10, frontal (coronal) plane and anterior - posterior axis

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17
Q

What ribs exhibit caliper motion and what plane and axis do they move in?

A

ribs 11 and 12, transverse plane - vertical axis

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18
Q

What makes up the anatomical inlet?

A

manubrium, 1st rib, and T1

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19
Q

What makes up the functional inlet

A

manubrium w/ angle of louis, 1st and 2nd rib, T1-4

20
Q

What makes up the thoracic outlet?

A

clavicle, 1st rib, and scapula

21
Q

What are four entrapment causes of thoracic outlet syndrome?

A
  1. between scalene anterior and medius
  2. clavicle and 1st rib
  3. pectoralis minor tendon and ribs
  4. cervical ribs
22
Q

Describe the steps of chapman point mechanisms

A

visceral dysfunction–> facilitation –> excessive sympathetic tone –> lymphatic stasis/ myofascial contraction –> somatic dysfunction

23
Q

SANS innervation of the heart is at what spinal level?

24
Q

SANS innervation of the vessels is at what spinal level?

25
Where do the anterior and middle scalenes attach to
1st rib
26
where do the posterior scalenes attach?
2nd rib
27
where does the pectoralis minor attach
ribs 3-5
28
where does the serratus anterior attach
ribs 6 -9
29
where does the latissimus dorsi attach
ribs 10 - 11
30
Where does the quadratus lumborum attach to
rib 12
31
What innervatest the diaphragm?
phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
32
What innervates the intercostalis muscles
intercostal nerves
33
What is intercostal neuralgia
pain in intercostal space
34
What spinal levels innervate the sympathetics?
T1-T6
35
What spinal levels innervate the parasympathetis?
Vagus (CN X)
36
Where is the chapman's reflex for myocardial infarction?
ICS 2
37
Where is the chapman's reflex for the main stem bronchus
2nd ICS
38
Where is the chapman's reflex for upper lung?
3rd ICS
39
Where is the chapman's reflex for the lower lung?
4th ICS
40
What is the Hering-breuer reflex and what is it a result of
parasympathetic response- shallow breathing at a rapid rate
41
What are the muscles of inspiration?
diaphragm, external intercostals, SCM, Scalenes, pectoralis major and minor, levator costarum, serratus posterior superior, serratus anterior, iliocostalis, latissimus dorsi
42
What are the four functions of rib and sternum
1. respiration 2. protection of vital organs 3. pump for venous and lymph return 4. support structures for upper extremities
43
What are the three lymph nodes that exsist in the costal lymphatics system?
parasternal lymph nodes intercostal lymph nodes diaphragmatic lymph nodes
44
What is normal systolic and diastolic pressures?
45
What is Pre-HTN systolic / diastolic readings
120-139 OR 80-89
46
What is stage I HTN readings
140-159 OR 90-99
47
What is stage II HTN readings?
>160 or >100

OPP (9 decks)

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