Thompson 2

Question 1

Hypokalemia causes/symptoms

Answer 1

Causes

• loop diuretics
• GI losses
• alkalosis
• ph Changes

S/S

• Flat T waves/Dysrhythmias (board)
• Fatigue/muscle cramps
• Paresthesias
• Ileus (stomach just feels off)

TX = Replace potassium slowly (Oral or IV)

Question 2

Hyperkalemia causes

Answer 2

• Hemolysis (can be lab area)
• Meds (Spiranolactone, ACE)
• Metabolic acidosis (low pH, HIGH K)
• Renal failure #1 true medical reason
• Rhabdo
• steroid issues
• too much K medicines

Question 3

s/s hyperkalemia***

Answer 3

• Paresthesias, weak
• TENTED T WAVES (Buzz word)
• V-fib, heart block, death
  
  • heart does not like high potassium

Question 4

hypoglycemia

Answer 4

• One of the electrolytes you can fix quickly if low
  
  • treatment oral glucose, IV glucose, food, IM or IV glucagon
• SWEATY, WEAK, ANXIOUS, NAUSEATED, CONFUSED

Question 5

What causes blood sugar to go up

Answer 5

• DM
• Steroids
• Stress (illness, seizure)
• trauma
• infections

Question 6

Hypocalcemia

Answer 6

Calcium and phosphorus INVERSELY related

• SYMPTOMS:
  
  • Tetany and muscle spasm
  • Chvostek sign (facial tap)
  • Trousseau sign (BP cuff)
  • seizures
  • fractures
  • DECREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT
• Always check albumin prior to saying someone is low on Ca

Question 7

Big sign of LOW SODIUM

Answer 7

CONFUSION

Question 8

Hypovolemic hyponatremia

Answer 8

Pt is severely dehydrated with salt losses > water

• burns
• exercise
• GI losses
• Meds
• Pancreatitis

TX = rehydrate

Question 9

Euvolemic hyponatremia

Answer 9

• Normal volume, low sodium
• Causes
  
  • SIADH
    
    • Low plasma osmolality, high urine osmo andhigh urine Na (urinating too much Na)
  • Hyperglycemia
• TX:
  
  • fluid restriction
  • oral Na
  • Democlocyline (blocks ADH)

Question 10

Hypervolemic Hypernatremia

Answer 10

• Too much fluid, not enough NA
• causes
  
  • CHF
  • renal, liver disease causes
• TX
  
  • restrict oral fluid
  • IV fluid and loop diuretics

Question 11

Result of Na Replacement (if it occurs too fast)

Answer 11

• If you replace sodium too fast, can lead to IRREVERSIBLE CENTRAL PONTINE MYELINOLYSIS

Question 12

Hypernatremia TX

Answer 12

• If replace fluids TOO FAST and bring down sodium TOO FAST
  
  • RESULT IS BRAIN SWELLING!!!!!