Third Intermediate and Late Periods (Sheet 14)

Question 1

Third Intermediate Period (Dynasties 21-25)

Answer 1

• Separation of power between the Pharaoh (at Per-Ramesses) and the High Priest of Amun (at el-Hibeh and Thebes)
• Libyans in the Delta form political families with military and political control
• Libyan kings defeated in 730 BC by invading Nubians/Kushites from Napata (Upper Nubia) forming Dynasty 25
• Nubian Kings have a reformation period, but it ends in 664 BC when Assyrian kings invade

Question 2

Late Period (Dynasties 26-30)

Answer 2

• Assyrian kings are unable to rule efficiently so they recognize kings of Sais as representatives (Dynasty 26, “Saie Renaissance”)
• When the Assyrian capital was destroyed, Saite independence resulted and Saite kings reunited the country
• Demotic becomes cursive script
• Dynasty 27 begins with Persian king Camyses invading Egypt
• Dynasties 28-30 are short-live Egyptian rebellions and a second Persian invasion
• 332 BC Alexander the Great defeats the Persian empire and ejected Persian control of Egypt

Question 3

Per-Ramesses

Answer 3

The old Ramesside captial (House of Ramesses) in the North Eastern delta

Question 4

Tanis

Answer 4

Port city to Per-Ramesses but became royal capital of Kings in Dynasties 21 and 22. Site of great temple to Amun and royal necropolis of Pharaohs of Dynasties 21 and 22

Question 5

Libyans

Answer 5

Two main tribes: Ma (Meshwesh) and Libu

Question 6

Napata

Answer 6

• City in Upper Nubia (4th Cataract)

- Origin of Kushite/Nubian Dyansty 25

Question 7

Persepolis

Answer 7

Ceremonial capital of the Persian Empire in Iran

Question 8

Greco-Persian wars

Answer 8

400-450 BC, Egyptian resistance to Persian control

Question 9

Herodotus

Answer 9

Greek historian/writer, “father of history”

- described Egypt as “Gift of the Nile”