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Pharaohs > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Buto

A

Site in NW Nile Delta, sacred to Wadjet. Type site of Buto-Maadi Culture.

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2
Q

Maadi

A

South of Modern Cairo, another type site for pre-dynastic Buto-Maadi culture.

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3
Q

Nagada

A

Site in Upper Egypt. Type site for Upper/Southern Egyptian Nagada culture, sacred to god Seth.

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4
Q

Hierakonpolis

A

“City of the Hawk”, Upper Egypt, sacred to god Horus

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5
Q

Abydos

A

An important center of Nagada culture, just north of the Qena Bend, sacred to god Osiris

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6
Q

Saqqara

A

Necropolis for Memphis (new royal capital city)

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7
Q

Palettes and Maceheads

A

End of pre-dynastic period (Nagada III Period) - palettes and maceheads secroated to depit ideas of order-chaos and kingship

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8
Q

Scorpion Macehead

A

Depicts ceremonial activities of a king “Scorpion” - shows role of pharaoh as a religious leader

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9
Q

Narmer Palette

A

Most important ceremonial palette; shows King Narmer in the aftermath of a battle. White and Red crowns symbolize Sema-Tawy

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10
Q

Palace-Façade Architecture

A

style of mud-brick architecture with alternating niches and projections. Becomes adapted into the Serekh (for the King’s Horus Name) and for funerary architecture

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11
Q

Pre-Dynastic Chronology

A

Buto-Maadi Culture, Nagada I (Amratian Culture), Nagada II (Gerzean Culture), Nagada III (Semainean Culture), Dynasty 0

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12
Q

Old Kingdom main points

A

Memphis is the political capital starting with Dynasty 3. Pyramids emerge in Saqqara, then later at the desert’s edge. Mastaba tombs emerge (royal court cemeteries). Towards the end of Dynasty 6, court cemeteries decay, Egypt’s elite have tombs in the provinces. Rise in power of officials and monarchs.

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13
Q

Dynasty 3

A

Step Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara

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14
Q

Dynasty 4

A

Pyramid of Snefaru at Meidum, development of royal court cemetery. Pyramids at Giza.

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15
Q

Dynasty 5

A

Royal pyramid and court cemeteries at Abu Sir and Saqqara. Appearance of pyramid texts - pyramids become smaller, temples become more elaborate. Solar religion grows.

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16
Q

Dynasty 6

A

Pyramid tradition persists at Saqqara, pyramids become standardized. Decline of court cemetery at the end of the Dynasty, decentralization of government, rise of nomarchs (provincial nobles).

17
Q

Dynasties “7”-8

A

Political breakdown (First Intermediate Period)

18
Q

Dynasties 9-11

A
  • Kings at Herakleopolis (Dynasties 9-10) held authority of Lower and Middle Egypt.
  • Dynasty 11 at Thebes in Upper Egypt ruled over southern Egypt first as nomarchs, then as kings.
  • King Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II defeated the Herakleopolitans and reunified Egypt, creating the Middle Kingdom
19
Q

Dynasty 12

A
  • Amenemhat I establishes capital named Menemhat-Itjet-Tawy south of Memphis and models Egypt after Old Kingdom, including Pyramid reconstruction
  • Amun emerges as state god of Egypt, Karnak temple in Thebes devoted to him
  • Ends with female Pharaoh Sobek-neferu
20
Q

Dynasty 13

A

Short reigning kings at Itjet-Tawy

21
Q

Dynasties 14-17

A
  • Second intermediate Period, Egypt divided
  • Kingdom in the North ruled by Dynasty 15 (Hyksos)
  • Kingdom in the South (Kingdom of Thebes) ruled by Dynasties 16-17
  • Period ends when Dynasty 17 defeats Dynasty 15 (Expulsion of the Hyksos)
22
Q

New Kingdom Summary

A
  • Expulsion of the Hyksos is the start of the New Dynasty
  • External military conquest; invasion of the Levant and Nubia to establish the Egyptian Empire
  • Amarna and Ramesside periods
  • Ends with divide between Pharaoh and the High Priest of Amun, growing power of northern Libyan chiefs
23
Q

Dynasty 18

A
  • Expulsion of Hyksos by King Ahmose
  • Empire established with annexing of Nubia and the Levant
  • Female Pharaoh Hatshepsut
  • Valley of Kings established
  • Amenhotep III brings royal court to its peak wealth and power
  • Amehotep IV (Akhenaten) establishes the Amarna period
  • King Tut
24
Q

Dynasty 19

A
  • Seti I and Ramses II make great militaristic strides

- Peace with Hittites

25
Q

Dynasty 20

A
  • Growing separation between Pharaoh who rules in Lower Egypt and the Amun priesthood of Upper Egypt
  • Ramses III is the last great pharaoh
  • Ends in divide between Pharoah and the high priest of Amun
26
Q

Deir el-medina

A

Village of royal tomb builders in Thebes, important source of information regarding late Ramesside society

27
Q

Dream Stela of Thutmosis IV

A

Stela set between the paws of the Great Sphinx at Giza and describes how the prince was visited by the Sphinx in a dream and was asked to uncover it from the sand. Foretold Thutmosis becoming Pharaoh

Pharaohs (11 decks)

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