Thinking, Problem- Solving, Judgements & Decision-Making

Question 1

Concepts

Answer 1

mental grouping of similar objects, events, states, ideas, and/or people

Question 2

Prototypes

Answer 2

mental images of the best example of a concept

Question 3

Assimilation

Answer 3

incorporate new experiences into existing framework

Question 4

Accommodation

Answer 4

adjusting our schema to fit our experiences

Question 5

Algorithm

Answer 5

a step by step strategy for solving a problem

Question 6

Heuristic

Answer 6

step-saving thinking strategy which generates a solution quickly (possibly in error)

Question 7

Representativeness Heuristic

Answer 7

when we judge a situation based on how similar the aspects are to stereotypes

Question 8

Availability Heuristic

Answer 8

when we estimate the likelihood of an event based on how much it stands out in our mind

Question 9

Mental Sets

Answer 9

type of fixation; is our tendency to approach problems with a system that has worked in the past

Question 10

Priming

Answer 10

triggers a thread of association that bring us to a concept

Question 11

Framing

Answer 11

the focus, emphasis on perspective that affects our judgements and decisions

Question 12

Gambler’s Fallacy

Answer 12

past events are often independent of future events

Question 13

Sunk-Cost Fallacy

Answer 13

people/businesses often continue to invest time/money into investments/ideas even if its down

Question 14

Executive Functions

Answer 14

allows for working memory,planning, organizing, decisions, and problem solving

Question 15

Divergent Thinking

Answer 15

the ability to come up with a variety of solutions and different ideas,

Question 16

Functional Fixedness

Answer 16

type of fixation; limits your ability to use an object for another purpose