Thinkers and authors and their main ideas (by Amanda) Flashcards
Chakrabarty and the main idea of the article
Provincialising Europe
- European way: influenced by traditions and historical elements
- development isnt universal (european ideas doesnt always apply)
critizises the idea of european universal thought
-Marxism is a tool to understand
Wallerstein and the main ideas of the article
world system analysis: The modern world-system is characterized by a capitalist world-economy that has expanded to cover the entire globe. It is not a unitary political structure but consists of interconnected states and groups.
Wolf and the main ideas of the article
Societies dont develop independently
- global interconnection
-he challenges the eurocentric view of history
-advocates for a more holistic approach
-thinks in terms of processes and connections (everything is connected)
Modernization theory
Continuous linear development (think US as a good example)
- a framework that doesn’t reflect reality
- rational ordering of society
- economic modernization
Dependency theory
A reaction to modernization theory and is critical of the false promises of modernization theory to and the hope that faster economic growth ‘modernisation’ in developing countries by itself would benefit the broad masses of poor people has not been fulfilled and no concept of development can be accepted which continues to condemn hundreds of millions of people to starvation and despair.
World systems theory
Modernization happens differently in different states
-World systems are a better unit of analysis than nation states themselves
-the world is one large economy
- not a unitary political structure
-we need a more interdisciplinary approach
Reification
Reification:
To consider or represent something abstract as a material or concrete thing: to give definite content and form to a concept or idea
Thingification
Turning something that is a process, a concept, or a entity into a fixed thing. Something that is dynamic is made static, you lose the processes context and relationships behind them.
There is a danger of reincation in that we create false models of reality
Fat and lean economies
Olopade terms she uses to talk about development
Fail/failed states
bureaucracy does not work
corruption
no democracy
unpredictable government
unofficial economy
Big D development
systematic approach to control development (usually from western perspective)
-controlling
-political and economic interests
-planning
Small D development
uintentional development
eg. kanju
Study of immanent processes of development
more on the processes that happens at the local level and not state governed or created
Wertheim and the main idea of the article
-critique of colonialism
-critical stance to western centric interpretations of social development
-global sociology should include non western perspective
-no divide between non western and western approach
-there is no such thing as linear development
-inclusivity in studying perspectives
Pardo and the main idea of the article
Legitimacy and legality
Agency vs system
Goodale and the main idea of the article
Human rights are not universal but shaped by cultural, political and historical contexts
- western centric
its being wrongfully used to justify interventions
advocates for a more context sensitive approach
Gregson and Crang: Illicit economies
informal/formal: instutions
legal/illegal: law
illicit/legit: moral code/morality
from economic geopgraphy to cultural economy
illegal/illicit business is embedded in the global economy
moving beyond the legal/illegal binary
Economic activity (relate to Pardo and Olopade)
Rodney and the main idea of the article
Europe’s capitalistic expansion was made on the exploitation of Africa
Trade and slavery between Europe and Africa
Europe is to blame for Africas underdevelopment
Bakker and Nooteboom
inclusive development
- big D and small d development
- we dont have inclusivity in our approach to development
Mahbubani and the main idea of the article
Europe has to accept that its not the bigges force anymore
The Global South and the rise of China doesnt want to dominate the West but replicate the West
Sharing powers and stop fighting the change would benefit Europe
Mantunhu and the main idea of the article
Modernization and dependency theory have failed to develop Africa
The west disregards Africa’s own interests and continues to exploit the continent
Alternative approach: the african renaissance: agency of africans, local solutions, power back to the countries
Banerjee and Dufloo and the main idea of the article
research about poverty
the economic life of the poor
poverty is not just an economical concern but a is deeply connected to social, cultural and political factors
unidisciplinary perspective
Normative humanism
a group has their own ethical system rather than outsied imposed rights
Underdevelopment
-comparing levels of development
-not a natural stage, but a consequence of colonial exploitation, where African economies were shaped to serve Western interests.
Steur and the main idea of the article
Shift from Communism to Indigenism in India
- disillusionment with the communist party
global shifts to indeginous groups
no social integration for indiginous groups
paternalism form the state/communist party
the dynamic between the adivasi people and the communist party relating to small d development and big d development
Danger of reification
Wolf: reification creates false models of reality. He looks
at connections and relations, not at societies as
static ‘things’.
Kanju
the specific creativity born from
African difficulty.
An emic concept
To make do, to find solutions and use what you have
The satellite/metropole model
Relates to exploitation in capitalist world system
- Metropole (Core):
Refers to the wealthy, industrialized nations or regions (often Western Europe and North America in the historical context).
Satellite (Periphery):
Refers to the less-developed, often colonized, or economically exploited regions (often in the Global South, such as Africa, Latin America, and parts of Asia).
Forced draft urbanization
Forced draft urbanization refers to the rapid and often coercive development of urban areas, where population growth and urban expansion occur due to external pressures rather than organic or planned growth.
Modes of production
capitalist, tributary, and kin-ordered.
- focuses on the capitalist mode and its impact
- The concept of mode of production reveals the political-economic relationships that underlie social interactions.
- Everything that goes into the production of the nessecities of life
Capitalist mode of production
-control over the means of the production
-maximaxing profits
-based on class
Kin-ordered mode of production
- Direct producer-user
- Own control over means of production
- Based on kinship
Tributary mode of production
Access to means of production through payment to a local ruler
-can be a leader/head of clan
-peope use to gain status, creates hierachy
Ambedkar and the main idea of the article:
- we have to understand the caste system as a part of a broader social system in India and we can not look at it as a isolated entity
- stratification is not possible, it is a individualistic
European concept which does not make sense in the hierarchical, collectivist societies of the
Indian subcontinent.
