Thinkers

Question 1

smith and nobel

material factor

Answer 1

barriers to learning
working class have less resources, go on less school trips so are alienated.
marketisation of schools- cant go to the top ones

Question 2

hirsch

material factor

Answer 2

Wc have less structured activities, time and space to work

Question 3

sugarman

cultural factor

Answer 3

Immediate gratification

Question 4

bernstein

cultural factor

Answer 4

language codes- restricted and elaborate

Question 5

sukhanda et al

Answer 5

boys feel teachers have higher expectations of girls

Question 6

edwards and david

Answer 6

boys are more noisy and messier
girls are socialised at home to be more well behaved which suits the nature of the education system
boys are more likely to get influence form peer groups

Question 7

hanan

Answer 7

girls relate to each other more through talking

Question 8

Gilborn

Answer 8

teachers interpret policy in a way that disadvantages black students.

Question 9

coard

Answer 9

hidden curriculum of lack of black teachers. this could be due to the lack of black history

Question 10

sewell

Answer 10

• lack of success of black males could be due to high number of lone parent families and lack of male figures.
• being street hood becomes a way to gain acceptance from peers which leads to low educational achievement
• some black boys feel like school doesn’t value aspects of their culture

Question 11

gillborn and youdell

Answer 11

a-c schools often leads to black males being disproportionately recognised and written off as no hope because they don’t exhibit the right way

Question 12

gillborn and mirza

Answer 12

social class has a strong link with educational achievement in all races apart from african caribbean where there is no link.

Question 13

Archer and francis

Answer 13

chinese parents have exceptionally high expectations and place high value on education

Question 14

Durkheim

Answer 14

social solidarity should be established through common values which are taught through secondary socialisation

Question 15

parsons

Answer 15

education forms a bridge between the family and wider society. children get used to the meritocratic culture which prepares them for later life

Question 16

Davis and moore

Answer 16

education facilitates roll allocation. only the top few students get the challenging higher paid jobs which benefits society because we would want people to have jobs they’re suited for

Question 17

Chubb and Moe

Answer 17

education needs to be treated like a business. schools need to please their students (the customers). schools need to have competition.

Question 18

Bowles and gintis

Answer 18

correspondence principle. there is a close relationship between schools and the workplace. this is achieved through a hidden curriculum of how the school system is set up

Question 19

bourdieu

Answer 19

cultural capital. the education system tricks the working class into accepting failure.
the cultural assets of the wealthy are regarded as worthy of investment and are given greater value as cultural capital.

Question 20

heaton and lawson

Answer 20

feminist. education system as producing a patriarchy through established norms in textbooks and other hidden curriculums and messages within schools

Question 21

hagreves

Answer 21

anti school working class subcultures are formed when children need status and belonging from their peers who are similarly disenfranchised from school

Question 22

mirza

Answer 22

female subcultures have positive attitudes towards schools even when it is felt teachers are institutionally racist.

Question 23

floud and halsey

Answer 23

the 11+ was unfair on children from a working class background. the best was to boost social mobility is to give all students access to the same educational opportunity