Relationships and processes

Question 1

Becker

Answer 1

• Developed labelling theory.
• Interactionist theory
• Teachers label students positively or negatively creating self fulfilling prophecies.
• Eg. if a teacher labeled a student as a failure, the pupil may internalise the label and go on to fail.

Question 2

Halo effect

Answer 2

• Teachers positively labeling the ‘ideal’ student.

- Such students are less likely to be disciplined as the teachers see the ‘halo’ while they’re misbehaving.

Question 3

Gilborn and Yodell

Answer 3

• Schools perform a triage categorising pupils into those who will achieve anyway, don’t require input, hopeless cases, waste of input, and cases who require input to achieve their 5 GCSEs A*-C
• This is linked to pressure of school to maintain their positions on league tables.
• Teachers fail to recognise the importance of WC

Question 4

Anti school subcultures

Answer 4

• Willis’ learning to labour- Working class boys formed anti school subcultures and got through school by having a ‘laff’.

Question 5

Pro school subcultures

Answer 5

Pupils that strongly buy into ethos, identity of school, supportive of its school rules, work hard and show compliant behaviour.

Question 6

Pupils identities

Answer 6

• Identity refers to how they see themselves and how others see them
• Identity can be shaped in and out of school

Question 7

How are pupils identities shaped in school?

Answer 7

• Interactions with other pupils or teachers

Question 8

Maffesoli

Answer 8

• Postmodernist who wrote about ‘the time of the tribes’

- people opt into ‘tribes’, subcultures, based on consumption patterns rather than attitudes to school.

Question 9

Postmodern perspective on pupil identities

Answer 9

• Postmodernists are particularly interested in pupil identity.
• While there may be some correlation between groups, such as class or gender, postmodern identities may be more about who we chose to be rather than how others choose to paint us. They’re also fluid.

Question 10

Conflict theorist perspective on hidden curriculum

Answer 10

The way teachers covertly teach students things outside the formal curriculum leads pupils to accept principles of capitalism or patriarchy.

Question 11

Setting

Answer 11

Where individuals are placed into sets based on ability for specific subjects.
- Setting is a lot easier to move up as opposed to streaming.

Question 12

Streaming

Answer 12

Splitting pupils into groups based on their ability, which they stay in across all their subjects.

Question 13

Hagreaves

Answer 13

Anti school subcultures are formed from students needing status, support and belonging from their peers who are similarly disenfranchised from the system.