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Chemistry > things to learn > Flashcards

things to learn Flashcards

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1
Q

nitrate

A

NO3-

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2
Q

carbonate

A

CO32-

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3
Q

sulphate

A

SO42-

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4
Q

hydroxide

A

OH-

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5
Q

ammonium

A

NH4+

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6
Q

zinc

A

Zn2+

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7
Q

silver

A

Ag+

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8
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

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9
Q

sulphuric acid

A

H2SO4

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10
Q

nitric acid

A

HNO3

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11
Q

ethanoic acid

A

CH3COOH

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12
Q

sodium hydroxide

A

NaOH

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13
Q

potassium hydroxide

A

KOH

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14
Q

ammonia

A

NH3

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15
Q

metal + acid –>

A

salt + hydrogen

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16
Q

metal oxide + acid –>

A

salt + water

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17
Q

metal hydroxide + acid –>

A

salt + water

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18
Q

metal carbonate + acid –>

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

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19
Q

for a group 2 metal:

2M + O2 –>

A

2MO

20
Q

for a group two metal:

M + 2H2O –>

A

M(OH)2 + H2

21
Q

MO + H2O –>

A

M(OH)2

22
Q

two disproportiantion reactions

A

Cl2 + H2O –> HCl + HClO

Cl2 + 2NaOH = NaCl + NaClO + H2O

23
Q

for alkanes and alcohols:

what are the products in complete combustion

A

CO2 and water

24
Q

for alkanes and alcohols:

what are the products of incomplete combustion

A

CO and water

25
Q

rules for assigning oxidation states

A

123FHOC

26
Q

what is Ca(OH)2 used for

A

neutralise acids in soil

27
Q

what is Mg(OH)2 and CaCO3 used for

A

treating indigestion

28
Q

why can’t covelent compounds conduct electricity

A

no ions or mobile electrons

29
Q

what causes a permanent dipole

A

difference in electronegativity

30
Q

hydrogen bonding occurs in?

A

H + any NOF

31
Q

why do ionisation energies increase across a period

A

as there are more protons so there is a greater nuclear charge but no extra shielding so electrons are more strongly attracted, so it takes more energy to remove it

32
Q

for ionisation energies why is there a small decrease from 2nd to 3rd element in the period?

A

some shielding for the electron in the p subshell by the s subshell

33
Q

for ionisation energies why is there a small decrease from the 5th to 6th element?

A

the 6th electron is in an orbital with an electron and there is repulsion between these two electrons

34
Q

why do ionisation energies decrease down a group?

A

there are more protons but there are more electron shells too, so more shielding and the electrons are further from the nucleus so they are less strongly attracted and easier to remove

35
Q

why do group 1 and 2 metals get more reactive down the group?

A

there are more protons but there are more electron shells too, so more shielding and the electrons are further from the nucleus so they are less strongly attracted and easier to remove

36
Q

why do group 7 elements get less reactive down the group?

A

there are more protons but there are more electron shells too, so more shielding and the electrons are further from the nucleus so they are less strongly attracted and its harder to gain electrons

37
Q

why do successive ionisation energies increase each time?

A

becuase one electron has already been removed so a smaller number of electrons are left with a greater attraction to the same number of protons. this means the electrons are pulled closer to the nucleus, the atomic radius decreases and its harder to remove the next electron.

38
Q

why are there sometimes large jumps in successive ionisation energies?

A

when an electron is being removed from a new shell, it will be closer to the nucleus so there will be more attraction, thus harder to remove

39
Q

what is the trend in melting points across a period?

A

increase for the first four and low for the next four

40
Q

explain the trend in melting point point across a period

A

the metallic bonds increase as the charge of the ions and the number of electrons increase. the first non metals have giant covalent structures and have high melting points, the rest are simple covalent so have weak IDD interactions holding them together

41
Q

good thing and bad thing about chlorine in the water

A

good: kills bacteria in water so reduce waterborne illness
bad: chlorine gas is toxic, can react with organic matter to form carcinogenic compounds

42
Q

in dynamic equilibrium:

when u increase the concentration of the reactant

A

equilibrium shifts to the other side (more product produced)

43
Q

in dynamic equilibrium:

when u increase temperature

A

equilibrium shifts to the endothermic side

44
Q

in dynamic equilibrium:

when u increase pressure

A

equilibrium shifts to the side with the least moles of gas

45
Q

in dynamic equilibrium:

when a catalyst is used

A

position of equilibrium doesn’t change but equilibrium is reached quicker

Chemistry (8 decks)

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