synthetic routes jessie u just have to learn these

Question 1

alkane to haloalkane

Answer 1

free radical substitution

halogen X2 and UV radiation

Question 2

haloalkane to alcohol

Answer 2

nucleophilic substitution
NaOH and heat
(also forms NaX)

Question 3

alcohol to aldehyde

Answer 3

K2Cr2O7 and H2SO4 (acid catalyst)
distill
primary alcohol

Question 4

aldehyde to carboxylic acid

Answer 4

K2Cr2O7 and H2SO4 (acid catalyst)

under reflux

Question 5

alcohol to carboxylic acid

Answer 5

primary alcohol
K2Cr2O7 and H2SO4 (acid catalyst)
under reflux

Question 6

alcohol to haloalkane

Answer 6

halide with acid catalyst (conc. H2SO4)

Question 7

alcohol to alkene

Answer 7

heat, acid catalyst (H3PO4)

also forms water

Question 8

alcohol to ketone

Answer 8

secondary alcohol
K2Cr2O7 and H2SO4 (acid catalyst)
under reflux

Question 9

alkene to dihaloalkane

Answer 9

addition

X2 (eg. Br2)

Question 10

alkene to alkane

Answer 10

H2 and Ni catalyst

Question 11

alkene to haloalkane

Answer 11

addition

XH

Question 12

alkene to alcohol

Answer 12

steam 
acid catalyst (H3PO4)

Question 13

haloalkane to alcohol

Answer 13

NaOH and heat

also form water

Question 14

haloalkane to primary amine

Answer 14

react with excess ethanolic ammonia

Question 15

haloalkane to secondary amine

Answer 15

primary amine

Question 16

haloalkane to nitrile

Answer 16

KCN and ethanol (ethanol is just a condition)

Question 17

aldehyde to alcohol

Answer 17

NaBH4 (reduction)

Question 18

aldehyde to hydroxynitirles

Answer 18

acidified cyaninde ions

Question 19

ketone to alcohol

Answer 19

NaBH4 (reduction)

Question 20

ketone to hydroxynitriles

Answer 20

acidified cyanide ions

Question 21

carboxylic acid to ester

Answer 21

alcohol and H2SO4

Question 22

carboxylic acid to acyl chlorides

Answer 22

SOCl2

Question 23

carboxylic acid to amides

Answer 23

amines

Question 24

ester to alcohol

Answer 24

hydrolysis with heat and acid

also forms carboxylic acid

Question 25

ester to carboxylic acid

Answer 25

hydrolysis with acid and heat | also forms alcohol

Question 26

ester to carboxylate salts

Answer 26

hydrolysis with heat and alkali | also forms alcohol

Question 27

ester to alcohols (2)

Answer 27

hydrolysis with heat and alkali | also forms carboxylate salts

Question 28

acyl chlorides to ester

Answer 28

alcohol/phenol

Question 29

acyl chlorides to carboxylic acid

Answer 29

water

Question 30

acyl chloride to primary amide

Answer 30

ammonia

Question 31

acyl cholride to seconodary amide

Answer 31

primary amine

Question 32

amines to amine salts

Answer 32

react with acids

Question 33

amines to amides

Answer 33

acyl chlorides/carboxylic acids

Question 34

amides to amine salt

Answer 34

heat plus acid hydrolysis | carboxylic acid is also made

Question 35

amides to carboxylic acid

Answer 35

heat plus acid hydrolysis | amine salt is also made

Question 36

amides to caboxylate salts

Answer 36

heat plus alkali hydrolysis | amines is also made

Question 37

amides to amines

Answer 37

heat plus alkali hydrolysis | carboxylate salt is also made

Question 38

nitriles to amines

Answer 38

H2 with Ni catalyst

Question 39

nitriles to ammonium salt

Answer 39

acid hydrolysis | also makes carboxylic acids

Question 40

nitriles to carboxylic acids

Answer 40

acid hydrolysis | also makes ammonium salt

Question 41

alcohol to ester

Answer 41

carboxylic acid and conc. H2SO4

Question 42

benzene to nitrobenzene

Answer 42

conc. HNO3 conc. H2SO4

Question 43

benzene to halobenzene

Answer 43

halogen and FeCl3

Question 44

benzene to extended carbon chain

Answer 44

haloalkane or acly chloride with AlCl3 halogen carrier

Question 45

phenol to salt

Answer 45

NaOH

Question 46

phenol to ester

Answer 46

acyl chloride

Question 47

phenol to bromophenol

Answer 47

bromine (no catalyst)electrophilic substitution

Question 48

phenol to 2-nitrophenol

Answer 48

electrophilic substitution nitric acid (dilute)

Question 49

phenol substitutes in

Answer 49

2 4 6

Question 50

phenylamine substitues in

Answer 50

2 4 6

Question 51

nitrobenzene to phenyl amine

Answer 51

tin and conc HCL | makes water als0

Question 52

nitrobenzene substitues

Answer 52

3 5