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Chemistry > synthetic routes jessie u just have to learn these > Flashcards

synthetic routes jessie u just have to learn these Flashcards

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1
Q

alkane to haloalkane

A

free radical substitution

halogen X2 and UV radiation

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2
Q

haloalkane to alcohol

A

nucleophilic substitution
NaOH and heat
(also forms NaX)

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3
Q

alcohol to aldehyde

A

K2Cr2O7 and H2SO4 (acid catalyst)
distill
primary alcohol

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4
Q

aldehyde to carboxylic acid

A

K2Cr2O7 and H2SO4 (acid catalyst)

under reflux

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5
Q

alcohol to carboxylic acid

A

primary alcohol
K2Cr2O7 and H2SO4 (acid catalyst)
under reflux

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6
Q

alcohol to haloalkane

A

halide with acid catalyst (conc. H2SO4)

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7
Q

alcohol to alkene

A

heat, acid catalyst (H3PO4)

also forms water

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8
Q

alcohol to ketone

A

secondary alcohol
K2Cr2O7 and H2SO4 (acid catalyst)
under reflux

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9
Q

alkene to dihaloalkane

A

addition

X2 (eg. Br2)

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10
Q

alkene to alkane

A

H2 and Ni catalyst

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11
Q

alkene to haloalkane

A

addition

XH

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12
Q

alkene to alcohol

A 
steam 
acid catalyst (H3PO4)
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13
Q

haloalkane to alcohol

A

NaOH and heat

also form water

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14
Q

haloalkane to primary amine

A

react with excess ethanolic ammonia

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15
Q

haloalkane to secondary amine

A

primary amine

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16
Q

haloalkane to nitrile

A

KCN and ethanol (ethanol is just a condition)

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17
Q

aldehyde to alcohol

A

NaBH4 (reduction)

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18
Q

aldehyde to hydroxynitirles

A

acidified cyaninde ions

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19
Q

ketone to alcohol

A

NaBH4 (reduction)

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20
Q

ketone to hydroxynitriles

A

acidified cyanide ions

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21
Q

carboxylic acid to ester

A

alcohol and H2SO4

22
Q

carboxylic acid to acyl chlorides

A

SOCl2

23
Q

carboxylic acid to amides

A

amines

24
Q

ester to alcohol

A

hydrolysis with heat and acid

also forms carboxylic acid

25
Q

ester to carboxylic acid

A

hydrolysis with acid and heat

also forms alcohol

26
Q

ester to carboxylate salts

A

hydrolysis with heat and alkali

also forms alcohol

27
Q

ester to alcohols (2)

A

hydrolysis with heat and alkali

also forms carboxylate salts

28
Q

acyl chlorides to ester

A

alcohol/phenol

29
Q

acyl chlorides to carboxylic acid

A

water

30
Q

acyl chloride to primary amide

A

ammonia

31
Q

acyl cholride to seconodary amide

A

primary amine

32
Q

amines to amine salts

A

react with acids

33
Q

amines to amides

A

acyl chlorides/carboxylic acids

34
Q

amides to amine salt

A

heat plus acid hydrolysis

carboxylic acid is also made

35
Q

amides to carboxylic acid

A

heat plus acid hydrolysis

amine salt is also made

36
Q

amides to caboxylate salts

A

heat plus alkali hydrolysis

amines is also made

37
Q

amides to amines

A

heat plus alkali hydrolysis

carboxylate salt is also made

38
Q

nitriles to amines

A

H2 with Ni catalyst

39
Q

nitriles to ammonium salt

A

acid hydrolysis

also makes carboxylic acids

40
Q

nitriles to carboxylic acids

A

acid hydrolysis

also makes ammonium salt

41
Q

alcohol to ester

A

carboxylic acid and conc. H2SO4

42
Q

benzene to nitrobenzene

A

conc. HNO3 conc. H2SO4

43
Q

benzene to halobenzene

A

halogen and FeCl3

44
Q

benzene to extended carbon chain

A

haloalkane or acly chloride with AlCl3 halogen carrier

45
Q

phenol to salt

A

NaOH

46
Q

phenol to ester

A

acyl chloride

47
Q

phenol to bromophenol

A

bromine (no catalyst)electrophilic substitution

48
Q

phenol to 2-nitrophenol

A

electrophilic substitution nitric acid (dilute)

49
Q

phenol substitutes in

A

2 4 6

50
Q

phenylamine substitues in

A

2 4 6

51
Q

nitrobenzene to phenyl amine

A

tin and conc HCL

makes water als0

52
Q

nitrobenzene substitues

A

3 5

Chemistry (8 decks)

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