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key words Flashcards

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1
Q

relative isotopic mass

A

the mass of an atom compared to 1/12th the mass of carbon 12`

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2
Q

relative atomic mass

A

the weighted mean mass of an atom compared to 1/12th the mass of carbon 12

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3
Q

isotopes

A

atoms of an element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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4
Q

molar mass

A

mass per mole

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5
Q

units of molar mass?

A

g/mol

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6
Q

mole

A

the unit of amount of substance 6.02 x 10^23 is one mole

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7
Q

acid

A

releases H+ ions in an aqueous solution

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8
Q

strong acid

A

fully dissociates in solution

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9
Q

weak acid

A

partially dissociates in solution

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10
Q

alkali

A

a soluble base that releases OH- ions in an aqueous solution

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11
Q

orbital

A

an area in space, around the nucleus where you can find up to two electrons with opposite spin

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12
Q

disproportionation

A

oxidation and reduction of the same element

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13
Q

1st ionisation energy

A

the energy required to remove one mole of e- from one mole of an element in a gaseous state

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14
Q

ionic bonding

A

the electrostatic attraction between oppositley charged ions

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15
Q

covalent bonding

A

strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms

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16
Q

polar molecule

A

a molecule with polar bonds that is asymmetrical and the polar bonds do not cancel out

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17
Q

metallic bonding

A

the electrostatic attraction between positively charged metal ions and the sea of delocalised electrons

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18
Q

electronegativity

A

the ability of an atom to attract the shared pair of electrons in the covalent bond to itself

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19
Q

standard states

A

physical states under standard conditions

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20
Q

standard conditions

A

pressure; 100kPa

temp: 298K

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21
Q

enthalpy change of formation

A

the enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states in standard conditions

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22
Q

enthalpy change of combustion

A

the enthalpy change for the complete combustion of one mole of a substance in standard conditions

23
Q

enthalpy change of neutralisation

A

the enthalpy change for the formation of one mole of water from a neutralistation reaction in standard conditions

24
Q

activation energy

A

the minimum energy required for a reaction to take place

25
Q

homologous series

A

a series of organic compounds having the same functional group and each successive member differing by CH2

26
Q

structural isomers

A

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

27
Q

homolytic fission

A

breaking a covelent bond to form two radicals, both of them taking one electron

28
Q

heterolytic fission

A

breaking a covelent bond to form two oppositely charged ions

29
Q

E/Z isomerism

A

an example of stereoisomerism, due to a restricted rotation about a double bond, and two different groups attached to each carbon atom of the C=C group

30
Q

Cis-Trans isomerism

A

a special case of E/Z isomerism in which two of the subsiquent groups attatched to each carbon of the C=C group are the same

31
Q

electrophile

A

electron pair acceptor

32
Q

nucleophile

A

electron pair donator

33
Q

homogenous catalyst

A

a catalyst in the same state as the reactants (ususally in solutions)

34
Q

heterogenous catalyst

A

a catalyst in a different state to the reactants

35
Q

dynamic equilibrium

A

when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction; the concentration of products and reactants do not change; in a closed system

36
Q

catalyst

A

chemical that increases the rate of both forward and reverse reactions equally in an equilibrium reaction resulting in an unchanged position of equilibrium

37
Q

sigma bond

σ-bond

A

overlap of orbitals directly between the bonding atoms

38
Q

pi bond

π-bond

A

sideways overlap of adjacent p-orbitals above and below the bonding atoms

39
Q

stereo isomers

A

compounds with the same structural arrangement but a different arrangement in space

40
Q

curly arrow

A

shows the movement of a pair of electrons during a reaction

41
Q

brady’s reagent

A

reacts with aldehydes and ketones to form an orange precipitate

42
Q

tollens reagent

A

reacts with aldehydes only and forms a silver mirror

43
Q

bronsted lowry base

A

proton acceptors

44
Q

bronsted lowry acid

A

proton donator

45
Q

isoelectric point

A

the ph where an amino acid can reach its zwitter ion, the overall change is neutral

46
Q

optical isomers

A

non superimposable images of each other

47
Q

enatiomers

A

optical isomers of each other

48
Q

racemic mixture

A

50 50 split of two enatiomers

49
Q

chiral centers

A

carbon with four groups attatched

50
Q

polymerisation

A

process in which monomeres are joined togerth to make larger molecules consisting of repeating units

51
Q

addition polymerisation

A

c=c bonds

52
Q

condensation polymerisation

A

polyesters polyamides

53
Q

carbon environment

A

tells you the position of a carbon molecule in a compound

Chemistry (8 decks)

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