key words

Question 1

relative isotopic mass

Answer 1

the mass of an atom compared to 1/12th the mass of carbon 12`

Question 2

relative atomic mass

Answer 2

the weighted mean mass of an atom compared to 1/12th the mass of carbon 12

Question 3

isotopes

Answer 3

atoms of an element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 4

molar mass

Answer 4

mass per mole

Question 5

units of molar mass?

Answer 5

g/mol

Question 6

mole

Answer 6

the unit of amount of substance 6.02 x 10^23 is one mole

Question 7

acid

Answer 7

releases H+ ions in an aqueous solution

Question 8

strong acid

Answer 8

fully dissociates in solution

Question 9

weak acid

Answer 9

partially dissociates in solution

Question 10

alkali

Answer 10

a soluble base that releases OH- ions in an aqueous solution

Question 11

orbital

Answer 11

an area in space, around the nucleus where you can find up to two electrons with opposite spin

Question 12

disproportionation

Answer 12

oxidation and reduction of the same element

Question 13

1st ionisation energy

Answer 13

the energy required to remove one mole of e- from one mole of an element in a gaseous state

Question 14

ionic bonding

Answer 14

the electrostatic attraction between oppositley charged ions

Question 15

covalent bonding

Answer 15

strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms

Question 16

polar molecule

Answer 16

a molecule with polar bonds that is asymmetrical and the polar bonds do not cancel out

Question 17

metallic bonding

Answer 17

the electrostatic attraction between positively charged metal ions and the sea of delocalised electrons

Question 18

electronegativity

Answer 18

the ability of an atom to attract the shared pair of electrons in the covalent bond to itself

Question 19

standard states

Answer 19

physical states under standard conditions

Question 20

standard conditions

Answer 20

pressure; 100kPa

temp: 298K

Question 21

enthalpy change of formation

Answer 21

the enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states in standard conditions

Question 22

enthalpy change of combustion

Answer 22

the enthalpy change for the complete combustion of one mole of a substance in standard conditions

Question 23

enthalpy change of neutralisation

Answer 23

the enthalpy change for the formation of one mole of water from a neutralistation reaction in standard conditions

Question 24

activation energy

Answer 24

the minimum energy required for a reaction to take place

Question 25

homologous series

Answer 25

a series of organic compounds having the same functional group and each successive member differing by CH2

Question 26

structural isomers

Answer 26

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 27

homolytic fission

Answer 27

breaking a covelent bond to form two radicals, both of them taking one electron

Question 28

heterolytic fission

Answer 28

breaking a covelent bond to form two oppositely charged ions

Question 29

E/Z isomerism

Answer 29

an example of stereoisomerism, due to a restricted rotation about a double bond, and two different groups attached to each carbon atom of the C=C group

Question 30

Cis-Trans isomerism

Answer 30

a special case of E/Z isomerism in which two of the subsiquent groups attatched to each carbon of the C=C group are the same

Question 31

electrophile

Answer 31

electron pair acceptor

Question 32

nucleophile

Answer 32

electron pair donator

Question 33

homogenous catalyst

Answer 33

a catalyst in the same state as the reactants (ususally in solutions)

Question 34

heterogenous catalyst

Answer 34

a catalyst in a different state to the reactants

Question 35

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 35

when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction; the concentration of products and reactants do not change; in a closed system

Question 36

catalyst

Answer 36

chemical that increases the rate of both forward and reverse reactions equally in an equilibrium reaction resulting in an unchanged position of equilibrium

Question 37

sigma bond

σ-bond

Answer 37

overlap of orbitals directly between the bonding atoms

Question 38

pi bond

π-bond

Answer 38

sideways overlap of adjacent p-orbitals above and below the bonding atoms

Question 39

stereo isomers

Answer 39

compounds with the same structural arrangement but a different arrangement in space

Question 40

curly arrow

Answer 40

shows the movement of a pair of electrons during a reaction

Question 41

brady’s reagent

Answer 41

reacts with aldehydes and ketones to form an orange precipitate

Question 42

tollens reagent

Answer 42

reacts with aldehydes only and forms a silver mirror

Question 43

bronsted lowry base

Answer 43

proton acceptors

Question 44

bronsted lowry acid

Answer 44

proton donator

Question 45

isoelectric point

Answer 45

the ph where an amino acid can reach its zwitter ion, the overall change is neutral

Question 46

optical isomers

Answer 46

non superimposable images of each other

Question 47

enatiomers

Answer 47

optical isomers of each other

Question 48

racemic mixture

Answer 48

50 50 split of two enatiomers

Question 49

chiral centers

Answer 49

carbon with four groups attatched

Question 50

polymerisation

Answer 50

process in which monomeres are joined togerth to make larger molecules consisting of repeating units

Question 51

addition polymerisation

Answer 51

c=c bonds

Question 52

condensation polymerisation

Answer 52

polyesters polyamides

Question 53

carbon environment

Answer 53

tells you the position of a carbon molecule in a compound