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Things to know Animal Science exam 3 > Things to know > Flashcards

Things to know Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is made from cow calf farms

A

Weaned calves at 6-10 months and 300-700 pounds

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2
Q

This segment of the beef industry uses seasonal grazing to grow weaned
calves prior to being placed in a finishing operation

A

Stocker

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3
Q

Size of cattle entering feed lots

A

600-850lbs

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4
Q

Size of cattle exiting feed lots

A

1200-1400+lbs

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5
Q

Marketed on grid bases

A

70%- based on carcass merit, hide color, dressing %

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6
Q

Marketed on a cash bases

A

30% or less- based on calf weights at slaughter

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7
Q

Inserted under the skin in the back of the ear

A

Growth implants

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8
Q

Increases muscle gain, optaflexx, zilmax, 85% of feedlot nutritionists used one in 2015

A

Beta agonists

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9
Q

Alters rumen fermentation, improves efficiency and gain, 97% of feedlots used one in 2015

A

Ionophores

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10
Q

Gestation length of cow

A

280-283

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11
Q

Estrous cycle length of cattle-

A

19-21 days

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12
Q

Estrus length of cow

A

13-17 hours

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13
Q

Heifers should be bred at what % of their adult weight

A

65%

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14
Q

Heifers should calve at what % of their adult weight

A

85%

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15
Q
  • Several causes – bacteria, virus, protozoa, non-infectious
  • Insuring calves receive adequate colostrum, isolation of
    sick calves
A

Calf Scours

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16
Q
  • Commonly resulting in pneumonia
  • Infectious (bacteria, viruses) and non-infectious causes
    (stress, poor ventilation)
  • Antibiotic treatment
A

Bovine Respiratory Disease

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17
Q

Noncontagious, bacterial disease affects the most healthy, growing calves.
* Nearly 100% fatal
* Vaccination protects against Clostridia bacteria

A

Blackleg

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18
Q

Infected animals may display symptoms of diarrhea, fever, pneumonia, fever, or abortion. Pregnant cows infected with the virus may deliver a resistant or a persistently infected calf
Disease is commonly spread through Persistently Infected (PI) animals that are initially infected in utero and carry the virus/spread this for their entire
life

A

BVD

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19
Q

Caused by the bacteria with Leptospira genus (many
species cause illness)
* Transmitted through infected feed/water supplies
contaminated with urine

A

Leptospirosis

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20
Q

Caused by the bacteria Brucella
* Causes spontaneous abortions and is easily
transmissible from several ruminant species (Deer,
Bison, Elk, etc.)
* States all have different regulations and Brucellosis
herd statuses
* Live vaccine is available and most effective prevention
method

A

Brucellosis

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21
Q

Highly contagious disease caused by the bacteria
Moraxella Bovis
* Eye Irritation is necessary for the disease to develop
(flies, dust, light, grass, etc.

A

Pinkeye

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22
Q

Excessive gas in the rumen
* Presses on heart and lungs
* Frothy bloat – grazing lush pastures, high-protein feeds
* May also occur in feedlot cattle
* Free-gas bloat – consumption of high-concentrate feeds
in cattle not adapted to grain-rich diet

A

Bloat

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23
Q

Internal – stomach worms (hair worms), lung worms,
liver flukes, coccidian
* Less of a concern in cattle over 2 years
* External – horn flies, lice, grubs, ticks
* Deworming, rotational grazing, cull chronics

A

Parasites

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24
Q

US state with greatest number of dairy cattle

A

California

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25
Q

Where does Arkansas rank in dairy cattle

A

47

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26
Q

How has dairy herd size changed? What does that do to milk production?

A

Dairy herds have increased and milk production has increased

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27
Q

How has milk consumption changed?

A

Decreased

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28
Q

is the lacteal secretion, free from
colostrum, obtained by the complete
milking of one or more healthy cows”

A

Milk

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29
Q

Whole milk

A

3.5% fat (most similar to milk straight from a cow

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30
Q

Reduced fat

A

2% fat

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31
Q

Low-fat

A

1.0 fat

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32
Q

Skim milk

A

Less than or equal to 0.2% fat

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33
Q

Is the process where chilled raw milk
is heated to 161°F for at least 15 seconds before
being quickly cooled back to 39°F

A

Pasturization

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34
Q

involves reducing the size of fat
globules into minuscule portions that are dispersed
evenly throughout the milk

A

Homogenization

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35
Q

is manufactured by adding small
amounts of lactase (milk disaccharide) that splits
lactose into glucose & galactose

A

Lactose free milk

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36
Q

What is milk fortified with today?

A

A & D vitamins

37
Q

What percentage of meat is produced from dairy cattle

A

20-25%

38
Q

About how many cows are bred using sexed semen? Why?

A

20%, heifers cost more to raise

39
Q

Dairy term for calving

A

Freshening

40
Q

Cows handled in drylot/confinement system are sorted into production groups & fed a complete, mixed diet. They do this because different stages of cattle have different needs

A

Total Mixed Ration

41
Q

Milk fever is a rapid drain of what from blood to mammary tissue for deposition of milk, Jersey and Guernsey cows are genetically prone to this disease

A

Calcium

42
Q

This milk meets sanitary standards for use in fluid milk products and any dairy products such as beverage milk, fluid cream soft products (yogurt, ice cream, and cottage cheese)

A

Grade A

43
Q

this milk meets less stringent sanitary standards and can be used only for manufacture products with FDA permission such as cream cheese, and hard products like butter and manufactured cheese and butter and dry milk

A

Grade B

44
Q

When does a cow reach peak lactation

A

45-60 days

45
Q

How long is the cows lactation period

A

305 days

46
Q

How many dairy cattle are bred using AI

A

72.5

47
Q

can improve milk production efficiency and reduce the negative effects of dairy production on the environment

A

bST

48
Q

Which breed makes the most fat in their milk (percentage wise)

A

Jersey

49
Q

Sheep have __ chromosomes while goats have __

A

27, 30

50
Q

1 state in sheep and goats (meat and angora)

A

Texas

51
Q

1 state in dairy goats

A

Wisconsin

52
Q

Average 30-40 head, more productive per ewe, heavily managed

A

Farm flock

53
Q

Thousands of ewes, produce the majority of lamb and wool in USA, very hardy

A

Range flocks

54
Q

Wool grading order

A

Fine, 1/2 blood, 3/8 blood/ 1/4 blood, low 1/4 blood, common, and braid

55
Q

Natural oil in wool

A

Lanolin

56
Q

% of clean wool from fleece

A

Yield

57
Q

Length of wool

A

Staple

58
Q

Natural waviness in wool

A

Crimp

59
Q

Dark wool/ naturally dyed

A

Natural

60
Q

Sheep and goats are ______

A

Seasonally polyestrous

61
Q

Sheep estrous cycle

A

16-17 days

62
Q

Estrus length in sheep

A

24-36 hours

63
Q

Gestation length for sheep

A

144-152 days

64
Q

Estrous cycle length in goats

A

21 days

65
Q

Estrus length in goats

A

1-2 days

66
Q

gestation length in goats

A

150 days

67
Q

What do goats have to do with progesterone only being produced in the CL not placenta

A

Does are more prone to embryonic death loss and stress induced abortion

68
Q

_____ is needed for goats while it is toxic for sheep

A

Copper

69
Q

Nematodes- Gastrointestinal parasites, causes weight loss, poor growth, diarrhea, anemia, bottle jaw

A

Parasites

70
Q

Diarrhea, weight loss, death

A

Coccidiosis

71
Q

Also known as sore mouth or orf

A

Contagious ecthyma

72
Q

Contagious abscesses
Goats- external
Sheep- internal

A

Caseous Lymphadenitis

73
Q

Any state of being other than the state of complete health

A

Disease

74
Q

An observable difference in an animals normal function or state of health that indicates the presence of a bodily disorder

A

Clinical sign

75
Q

A change in body organs secondary to disease of injury

A

Lesion

76
Q

The cause or the study of the cause of disease

A

Etiology

77
Q

The study of the nature or process of disease

A

Pathology

78
Q

A living disease causing agent

A

Pathogen

79
Q

The natural ability of an animal to remain unaffected by pathogens, toxins, irritants, or poisons

A

Resistance

80
Q

Predisposing factors for disease

A

Stress, genetics, life stage

81
Q

Disease capable of being spread from animal to animal

A

Contagious

82
Q

Disease that is transferred to an animal by an arthropod

A

Vector born disease

83
Q

A poisonous compound produced by some microorganisms, plants or animals

A

Toxin

84
Q

Visible signs

A

Clinical signs

85
Q

Clinical signs are not readily visible

A

Subclinical

86
Q

Sudden onset, or early in the disease process

A

Acute

87
Q

Continuing over a long period of time, or having gradual effect

A

Chronic

88
Q

the process of determining the nature and severity of a disease;
the art of distinguishing one disease from another

A

Diagnosis

89
Q

Regulates imports and exports of animals, foreign animal disease recognition, stop/slow the speed of animal diseases across state lines

A

United States Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Things to know Animal Science exam 3 (3 decks)

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