Animal Science Final Flashcards
1
Q
Cattle digestive system
A
Ruminant
2
Q
Horse digestive system
A
Monogastric hindgut fermenter
3
Q
Goat and sheep digestive system
A
Ruminant
4
Q
Cat and dog digestive system
A
Monogastric
5
Q
Pig digestive system
A
Monogastric
6
Q
Chicken digestive system
A
Monogastric, two seca
7
Q
Rabbit digestive system
A
Monogastric, hindgut fermenter
8
Q
Leading state for beef cattle
A
Texas
9
Q
Leading a state for dairy cattle
A
California
10
Q
Leading state for horses
A
Texas
11
Q
Leading state for goats
A
Texas
12
Q
Leading state for sheep
A
Texas
13
Q
Leading state for pigs
A
Iowa
14
Q
Leading state for broilers
A
Georgia
15
Q
Leading state for eggs
A
Iowa
16
Q
Leading state for turkeys
A
Minnesota
17
Q
Gestation, estrous type, and cycle for cattle
A
280-283, polyestrous, 21 days
18
Q
Gestation, estrous type, and cycle for horses
A
340, seasonally polyestrous, and 21 days
19
Q
Gestation, estrous type, and cycle for Goats
A
150, seasonally polyestrous, and 21 days
20
Q
Gestation, estrous type, and cycle for Sheep
A
148, seasonally polyestrous, and 16-17 days
21
Q
Gestation, estrous type, and cycle for Cat
A
60, seasonally polyestrous induced ovulator, and 15-21 days
22
Q
Gestation, estrous type, and cycle for Dogs
A
60, Monoestrous, and 6-7 months
23
Q
Gestation, estrous type, and cycle for Pigs
A
3 months 3 weeks and 3 days, polyestrous, 21 days
24
Q
Gestation, estrous type, and cycle for Rabbits
A
31-32 days, no heat induced ovulator
25
Gestation, estrous type, and cycle for Llama
350, no heat induced ovulator
26
Gestation, estrous type, and cycle for Alpaca
335, no heat induced ovulator
27
Animal with the largest population
Chickens
28
Leading country in pigs, sheep, goats, chickens, eggs, duck, and rabbits
China
29
Leads in beef production, chicken meat production, turkey population and production, and horses
USA
30
What percentage of food produced is wasted
33%
31
Most limiting nutrient
Water
32
Mammals cannot break down beta linkages in…
Cellulose
33
Cellulose is broken down by…
Microbial fermentation
34
Essential amino acids abbreviation
PVT TIM HALL
35
essential amino acids
Phenylalanine, valine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Isoleucine, methionine, histidine, arginine, leucine, lysine
36
Fat soluble vitamins
ADEK
37
Inorganic elements established as necessary for life
Minerals
38
Organic elements established as necessary for life
Vitamins
39
All feed consumed by an animal including water
Diet
40
Specific feed amount given in 24 hr
Ration
41
Measure of food energy, heat required to raise 1 cc of water 1 degree C
Calorie
42
Corn, barely, wheat are examples of
Cereal grains/energy feeds
43
Soybean meal, cottonseed mean, fish meal are used to supplement
Protein
44
Four compartments of a ruminant stomach
Rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum
45
Hardware stomach
Reticulum
46
True stomach
Abomasum
46
Main energy product of ruminants
Volatile fatty acids
47
Glandular stomach in poultry
Proventriculus
48
Portions of the small intestine
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
49
One member of a gene pair is expressed to the exclusion of the other
Dominant
50
You have 20 red angus cows, and you breed them to a black bull. You have 11
black calves and 9 red calves. So you know the bull must be…
Heterozygous
51
Both alleles are expressed in heterozygotes like roan cattle
Codominance
52
The heterozygote is expressed in a way that’s different from either homozygote like in Charolais cattle
Incomplete dominance
53
Interaction of one trait at different loci like the bay gene in horses
Epistasis
54
Genes located on the X or Y chromosomes and traits are only inherited when that
chromosome is passed on like red-green color blindness
Sex linked inheritance
55
The same genotype is expressed differently depending on the sex of the animal like horns
in sheep
Sex influenced inheritance
56
Traits only expressed by one sex or the other like milk production and scrotal
circumference
Sex-limited traits
57
First animal breeder
Robert bakewell
58
Superiority of an outbred individual relative to the average performance of parents
Hybrid vigor
59
Adenine is paired with
Thymine
60
Guanine is paired with
Cytosine
61
Process of making a copy of DNA
DNA Replication
62
Producing RNA from DNA
Transcription
63
Producing Protein from RNA
Translation
64
Somatic Cell division- replication of cells
Mitosis
65
Process that forms sex cells
Meiosis
66
Hormone that stimulates milk let down
Oxytocin
67
Hormone that maintains pregnancy
Progesterone
68
Produced in the pineal gland, regulates seasonal reproduction
Melatonin
69
Refers to the cycle of hormone changes that create heat
Estrous
70
Refers to the heat displayed by the female when she’s receptive to mating
Estrus
71
Pathogen that causes most illnesses
Norovirus
72
Pathogen that causes more hospitalizations and deaths
Salmonella
73
Primary pigment responsible for meat color
Myoglobin
74
Ingredient added to meat to produce pink color, savory flavor, prevent spoilage, and control growth of diseases
Nitrite
75
Arkansas is the birthplace of…
Commercial catfish industry
76
An observable difference in an animal’s normal function or state of health.
Examples are fever, weight loss, diarrhea
Clinical sign
77
The natural ability of an animal to remain unaffected by pathogens, toxins,
irritants, or poisons
Resistance
78
Disease capable of being transmitted from animal to animal
Contagious
79
Sudden onset of symptoms
Acute
80
Continuing over a long period
Chronic
81
Segments of the beef industry
Cow-calf, seedstock, stocker, feedlot, packer
82
Which segment has the most farms
Cow-calf
83
Heifers should first be bred at __% of their adult body weight
65
84
They should calve at __% of their adult body weight
85
85
Whole milk must have ___% fat
3.5
86
Process where chilled milk is heated to 161F for 15 seconds before being quickly
chilled back to 39 F
Pasturization
87
Reducing the size of fat globules into miniscule portions that are dispersed evenly throughout the milk
Homogenization
88
Milk is fortified with what vitamins
A&D
89
What percentage of beef in the US comes from fairy animals
20-25%
90
Non-infectious disease of diary cattle caused by the rapid draining of Ca from the blood resulting in loss of muscle strength
Milk fever
91
Female doneky
Jenny
92
Male donkey
Jack
93
Mare crossed with a jack
Mule
94
Jenny crossed with a stallion
Hinny
95
% of merino breeding
American or blood system
96
Lengths of yarn from one pound of wool- higher is finer
Bradford system
97
Actual measurement of fiber- smaller is finer
Micron system
98
Natural oil in wool
Lanolin
99
Length of wool
Staple
100
Natural waviness in wool
Crimp
