thigh, hip, groin, and pelvis

Question 1

adductor magnus

Answer 1

O: ramus of pubis
I: inferior on linea aspera of femur
A: adduction and external rotation, some hip flexion
N: obturator

Question 2

gracilis

Answer 2

O: symphysis pubic and pubic arch
I: medial surface of tibia just below condyle
A: adduction and knee flexion
N: obturator

Question 3

what supplies blood to the hip

Answer 3

medial circumflex femoral, deep femoral and femoral arteries

nerves: superficial great saphenous and femoral veins

Question 4

pelvic bones

Answer 4

ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum, coccyx

Question 5

functions of the pelvis

Answer 5

weight bearing in sitting and standing
weight transference from axial to appendicular during movement
muscle attachment for those involved in support, posture and locomotion
contain and protect pelvic viscera

Question 6

iliofemoral ligament

Answer 6

strong
prevents hypertextension, control external rotation and adduction of the hip and limits pelvis during any backward rolling of femoral head during weight bearing
it reinforces the anterior aspect of the capsule and is attached to the anterior iliac spine and intertrochanteric line of femur

Question 7

pubofemoral ligament

Answer 7

prevents excessive abduction of the thigh and is positioned anterior and inferior to the pelvis and femur

Question 8

ischiofemoral ligament

Answer 8

prevents excessive internal rotation and adduction of the hip and is located posterior and superior to the articular capsule

Question 9

psoas major and minor

Answer 9

O: transverse processes and bodies of last and all lumbar vertebrae
I: lesser trochanter of femur
A: flexes hip and trunk of the femur
N: femoral and first lumbar

Question 10

iliacus

Answer 10

O: iliac crest and fossa
I: lesser trochanter of femur
A: flexes hip and trunk
N: femoral and first lumbar

Question 11

tensor fasciae latae

Answer 11

O: anterior portion of iliac crest and ASIS
I: ITB
A: tenses fasciae latae and helps flexion, abduction and internal rotation
N: superior gluteal

Question 12

glute max

Answer 12

O: posterior gluteal line of ilium and posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx
I: gluteal tuberosity of the femur and ITB
A: extends and externally rotated the hip
N: inferior gluteal

Question 13

glute med

Answer 13

O: outer surface of ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines
I: lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
A: abducts and internally rotates the hip
N: superior gluteal

Question 14

glute min

Answer 14

O: outer surface between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I: anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
A: abducts and internally rotates the hip

Question 15

piriformis

Answer 15

O: anterior surface of sacrum
I: superior border of greater trochanter
A: external rotation, extension and abduction
N: second sacral

Question 16

superior gemellus

Answer 16

O: isch spine
I: greater trochanter
A: external rotation of hip
N: 5L and 2S

Question 17

inferior gemellus

Answer 17

O: isch tube
I: greater trochanter
A: external rotation
N 4,5L and 2S

Question 18

obturator internus

Answer 18

O: inner surface of obturator membrane and the bony margins of the obturator foramen
I: external rotation
N: 5L, 1,2S

Question 19

obturator externus

Answer 19

O: outer surface of the obturator and the bony margins of the obturator foramen
I: trochanteric fossa of the femur
A: external rotation
N: obturator

Question 20

arteries for the hip

Answer 20

internal iliac
common iliac
external iliac
circumflex femoral
obturator
femoral
deep medial femoral
descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral

Question 21

veins for the hip

Answer 21

common iliac
internal iliac
external iliac
sciatic
femoral
great saphenous

Question 22

inguinal ligament

Answer 22

ligament extending from pubic bone to anterior iliac spine, forming lower border of abdomen

Question 23

femoral retroversion

Answer 23

neck is posterior to the long axis of the femur feet and toe out 
duck walk (shayne)

Question 24

femoral anteversion

Answer 24

femoral neck is anterior to the long axis of femur, toe in,
pigeon toed
marc mcdougall

Question 25

thomas test

Answer 25

hip flexion contracture (iliopsoas, rec fem) can check hip flexors, ITB, quad tightness, tibial and foot rotation

Question 26

modified thomas test

Answer 26

1. place pt supine with ischial tuberosities at the end of the table
2. the unaffected thigh is flexed with the knee bent toward the abdomen
3. lumbar spine does not remain flattened or the knee remains extended = positive
4. a positive test means a ILIOPSOAS CONTRACTURE if the thigh elevates or RECTUS FEMORIS CONTRACTURE if the knee remains extended

Question 27

tredenlenburg test

Answer 27

pt stands
foot on the unaffected side is lifted so that the hip flexes
the iliac crest on the unaffected side is high than the affected side
if the iliac crest on the affect side is higher than the unaffected the test is positive
this indicates a weakness in the hip abductors particularly in the glute med

Question 28

renne test

Answer 28

Pt is asked to squat down on one leg (approximately 30 degrees)
Bilaterally performed
Positive finding: lateral knee pain
Indication: ITB friction syndrome

Question 29

nobels test

Answer 29

pt lies supine
knee flexed to 90
pressure is applied to the lateral femoral epicondyle while the knee is gradually extended
a positive response occurs when severe pain is felt at the lateral femoral epicondyle with the knee at 30 degrees of flexion

Question 30

obers test

Answer 30

The patient is positioned in side lying with the lower leg flexed at the hip and the knee. The therapist moves the test leg into hip extension and abduction and then attempts to slowly lower the test leg. A positive test is indicated by an inability of the test leg to adduct and touch the table and may be indicative of a tensor fasciae latae contracture or ITB tightness

Question 31

piriformis test

Answer 31

The patient is positioned in side lying with the test leg positioned toward the ceiling and the hip flexed to 60 degrees. The therapist places one hand on the patient’s pelvis and the other hand on the patient’s knee. While stabilizing the pelvis, the therapist applies a downward force on the knee. A positive test is indicated by pain or tightness, and may be indicative of piriformis tightness or compression on the sciatic nerve caused by the piriformis.

Question 32

elys test

Answer 32

patient lies prone
pelvis stabilized
knee on affected side is flexed
if the hip on that side flexes the knee is flexed there is tightness of the rectus femoris

that is a wonky sentences but that is verbatim what the book says

Question 33

leg length discrepency and test

Answer 33

POSITIVE: different measurements

INDICATES: true = bony abnormality above, at, or below level of trochanter difference (anatomical short leg); apparent = pelvic obliquity (tilted pelvis)

supine, legs extended 15-20 cm apart, pelvis in balance, measure distal ASIS to distal medial malleoli - + is variation of 1cm or more

Question 34

dislocated hip

Answer 34

cause: direct force
signs: displaced femoral head
care: reduce dislocation
will present as slight flex, adducted and internally rotated - look shorter too
can cause neuro/blood flow problem
splint and get to a hospital immediately

Question 35

labrum

Answer 35

cartilage that forms a rim around the socket of the hip joint
deepens and makes stronger and more congruent

Question 36

hip labral tear

Answer 36

MOI: Repetitive movements, causing degeneration and breakdown of the labrum
-running or pivoting or acute dislocation

S/S: Usually asymptomatic, causes a catch, pop, locking clicking sensation, pn in hip or groin, stiffness, limited ROM

Care: Exercises to Max. hip ROM, Strengthening, stability exercises, avoid movements that place stress on jt, pn more than 4 week probable surgery

Question 37

legg-calves perthes disease

Answer 37

degeneration of femoral head due to avascular necrosis. disease is self limiting and has 4 phases: condensation, fragmentation, re-ossification and remodling. presents with pain, decreased ROM, antalgic gait, positive Trendelenburg sign. primary treatment focus is to relieve pain and maintain femoral head in proper position.

Question 38

antalgic gait

Answer 38

a persons manner of walking that develops as a way to avoid pain while walking= limping