the elbow

Question 1

medial elbow

Answer 1

trochlea

articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna

Question 2

lateral elbow

Answer 2

capitulum

articulates with the head of the radius

Question 3

olecranon fossa

Answer 3

articulates with olecranon fossa of ulna

Question 4

Ulnar collateral ligament

Answer 4

strong anterior band, weaker transverse and middle sheets. does not attach to radius (it is free to rotate and spin)

anterior band: medial epicondyle to coronoid process
posterior band: medial epicondyle to the olecranon process
transverse band: olecranon process to the coronoid process

Question 5

annular ligament

Answer 5

to allow radius to spin in the radial notch of the ulna

attached to the anterior and posterior margins of the radial notch and encircles the head and the neck of the radius

Question 6

radial collateral ligament

Answer 6

intrinsic ligament on the lateral side of the elbow joint
runs from the lateral epicondyle of humerus to merge with the annular ligament
upper portion of supinator at the crest of teh ulna and ECRB

Question 7

the elbow consists on how many joints

Answer 7

3

humeral ulnar
humeral radial
proximal radio-ulnar

Question 8

elbow flexors

Answer 8

biceps
brachialis
brachioradialis

Question 9

biceps brachii

Answer 9

O: long head: supraglenoid tuberosity of teh scapula 
short head: coracoid process of scapula
I: tuberosty of the radius
A: flexes elbow and shoulder, supination
N: musculocutaneous

Question 10

brachialis

Answer 10

O: anterior surface of the distal hald of the humerus
I: coronoid process of the ulna
A: flexes the elbow
N: musculocutaneous

Question 11

brachioradialis

Answer 11

O: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: styloid process of radius
A: flexes the elbow
N: radial

Question 12

triceps

Answer 12

O: long: infraglenoid tuberosity of humerus
lateral: posterior surface of teh humerus above the radial groove
medial: posterior humerus below the radial groove
I: olecranon process of the ulna
A: extension of the shoulder and elbow
N: radial

Question 13

supinator

Answer 13

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: proximal end of the lateral surface of teh shaft of the radius
A: supinates elbow
N: radial

Question 14

pronator teres

Answer 14

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus and the coronoid process of the ulna
I: middle of the lateral surface of the shaft of the radius
A: pronates the elbow
N: median

Question 15

anconeus

Answer 15

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: lateral olecranon process of ulna
A: elbow extension
N: radial

Question 16

nerve supply to elbow

Answer 16

brachial plexus

musculocutaneous, radial, median, ulnar

Question 17

blood supply to the elbow

Answer 17

subclavian artery becomes the deep brachial ulnar recurrent, radial and ulnar

Question 18

varus stress test elbow

Answer 18

Purpose: Lateral collateral ligament sprain

Method: Pt is sitting with elbow flexed between 20-30 degrees. PT places one hand on elbow and the other proximal to pt’s wrist. PT applies varus force while palpating joint line.

Positive Test: Increased laxity, apprehension, or pain.

Question 19

valgus stress test elbow

Answer 19

Purpose: Medial Collateral Ligament Sprain

Method: Pt is sitting with elbow flexed between 20-30 degrees. PT places one hand on elbow and the other proximal to pt’s wrist. PT applies valgus force while palpating joint line.

Positive Test: Increased laxity, apprehension, or pain.

Question 20

pinch grip test

Answer 20

pinch thumb and index finger together
inability to touch fingers together indicates entrapment of anterior interosseus nerve
between heads of pronator muscle

Question 21

pronator teres syndrome test

Answer 21

Patient is sitting, elbow flexed to 90° and supported/stabilized.
RESIST: forearm pronation and elbow extension simultaneously
(+) TEST: Reproduces a tingling sensation or paresthesia within median nerve distribution

Question 22

tinels sign

Answer 22

The patient is positioned in sitting with the elbow in slight flexion. The therapist taps with the index finger between the olecranon process and the medial epicondyle. A positive test is indicated by a tingling sensation in the ulnar nerve distribution of the forearm, hand, and fingers. A positive test may be indicative of ulnar nerve compression or compromise.

Question 23

olecranon bursitis

Answer 23

inflammation of the bursa located over the olecranon process of the elbow

Question 24

little league elbow

Answer 24

an overuse injury of the medial epicondyle, usually caused by a repetitive throwing motion

Question 25

little league elbow disorders

Answer 25

1. an accelerated apophyseal growth region plus a delay in the medial epicondylar growth plate
2. a traction apophysitis with a possible fragmentation of the medial epicondylar apophysis
3. avulsion of the medial epicondyle
4. osteocondrosis of the humeral capitellum
5. non-union stress fracture of olecranon epiphysis

Question 26

volkmanns contracture

Answer 26

condition in which the muscles in the palm side of the forearm shorten, causing the fingers to form a fist and the wrist to bend