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Structure and Function 1- Exam 2 > Thigh > Flashcards

Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Piriformis syndrome

A

A condition in which the piriformis muscle irritates and places pressure o the sciatic nerve, causing pain in the buttocks and referring pain along the course of the sciatic nerve.

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2
Q

What is the referred pain of the sciatic nerve called?

A

Sciatia, in the lower back and hip radiates down the back of the thigh and into the lower back.

Pain is known to be due to herniation of a lower lumbar intervertebral disk comporomising nerve roots

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3
Q

Treatment for sciatia

A

It can trated with progressive piriformis streching. If this fails, then a corticosteriod may be administerd into the piriformis muscle. Finally, surgery may be opted as a last resort

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4
Q

When is a positive trendenburg sign be seen?

A

In a fracture of the femoral neck, dislocated hip joint (head of femur), or weakness and paralysis of the gluteus medias

If the right gluteus medius muscle is paralyzed, the left side of the pelvis falls instead of rising

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5
Q

How does avulsion of the ischial tuberosity happen?

A

May result from forcible flexion of the hip with the knee extended

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6
Q

Semitendinosus

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Ishial tuberosity

Insertion: Medial surface of upper part of tibia

Innervation: Tibial portion of sciatic nerve

Action: Extends thigh, flexes, and rotates leg medially

Blood Supply: Inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries

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7
Q

Semimembranosus

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia

Innervation: Tibia portion of sciatic nerve

Action: Exttends thigh, flexes and rotates leg medially

Blood Supply: Profunda femoris and gluteal arteries

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8
Q

Biceps femoris

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin:

  • Long head: Ischial tuberosity
  • Short head: Linea aspera and upper supracondylar line

Insertion: Head of fibia

Innervation: Tibial (long head) amd common peroneal (short head) divisions of sciatic nerve

Action: Extends thigh, flexes and rotates leg laterally

Blood Supply:

Deep femoral artery, perforating arteries; long head of biceps femoris: perforating branches from profunda femoris artery

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9
Q

Posterior muscles of the thigh

A

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Biceps femoris

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10
Q

What makes up the femoral triangle?

A

superiorly (also known as the base) by the inguinal ligament.

medially by the medial border of the adductor longus muscle.

laterally by the medial border of the sartorius muscle

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11
Q

What passes through the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral nerve, artery, vein, and lymphatics

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12
Q

Anterior muscles of the thigh

A

Iliacus

Sartorius

Rectus femoris

Vastus medialis

Vastus lateralis

Vastus intermedius

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13
Q

Iliacus

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Iliac fossa, ala of sacrum

Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

Innervation: Femoral

Action: Flexes thigh (with psoas major)

Blood Supply: medial femoral circumflex artery, iliac branch of iliolumbar artery

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14
Q

Sartorius

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Anterior-superior iliac spine

Insertion: Upper medial side of tibia

Innervation: Femoral

Action: Flexes and rotates thigh laterally, flexes and rotates leg medially

Blood Supply: Femoral artery

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15
Q

Rectus femoris

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Anterior-inferior iliac spine, posterior-superior rim of acetabulum

Insertion: Base of patella, tibial tuberosity

Innervation: Femoral

Action: Fexes thigh, extends leg

Blood Supply: descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery

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16
Q

Vastus medialis

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Intertrochanteric line, linea aspera, medial intermuscular septum

Insertion: Medial side of paterlla, tibial tuberosity

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Action: Extends leg

Blood Supply: Femoral artery

17
Q

Vastus lateralis

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Intertrochanteric line. greater trochanter, linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity, lateral intermuscular septum

Insertion: Lateral side of patella, tibial tuberosity

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Action: Extends leg

Blood Supply: Lateral circumflex femoral artery

18
Q

Medial muscles of the thigh

A

Adductor longus

Adductor brevis

Adductor magnus

Pectineus

Gracilis

Octurator externus

19
Q

Adductor longus

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Body of pubis below its crest

Insertion: Middle third of linea aspera

Innervation: Obturator nerve

Action: Adducts and flexes thigh

Blood Supply: Deep femoral artery

20
Q

Adductor brevis

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Body and inferior pubic ramus

Insertion: Pectineal line, upper part of linea aspera

Innervation: Obturator nerve

Action: Adducts and flexes thigh

Blood Supply: Deep femoral artery

21
Q

Adductor magnus

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Ischiopubic ramus, ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, adductor tubercle

Innervation: Obturator nerve and tibial part of sciatic nerve

Action: Adducts, flexes, and extends thigh

Blood Supply: Deep femoral artery

22
Q

Pectineus

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Pectineal line of pubis

Insertion: Pectineal line of femur

Innervation: Obturator nerve and femur nerve

Action: Adducts and flexes thigh

Blood Supply: Obturator artery

23
Q

Gracilis

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Body and inferior pubic ramus

Insertion: Medial surface of upper quarter of tibia

Innervation: Obturator nerve

Action: Adducts and flexes thigh, flexes and rotates leg medially

Blood Supply: Medial circumflex femoral artery

24
Q

Obturator externus

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Margin of obturator foramen and obturator membrane

Insertion: Intertrochanteric fossa of femur

Innervation: Obturator

Action: Rotates thigh laterally

Blood Supply: Obturatory artery

25
Q

How is the femoral ring bound?

A

anteriorly by the inguinal ligament.

posteriorly by the pectineal ligament.

medially by the crescentic base of the lacunar ligament.

laterally by the fibrous septum on the medial side of the femoral vein.

26
Q

Role of the femoral canal

A

Transmits lymphatics from the lower limb and perineum to the peritoneal cavity

27
Q

Components of the femoral canal

A

Fat

Areolar connective tissue

Lymph nodes

Vessels

28
Q

What is the clinical significance of the femoral canal?

A

It is a potential weak area and a site of femoral herniation, which occurs most frequently in women because of the greater width of the superior pubic ramus of the femal pelvis

29
Q

Femoral hernia

A
  • More common in women than in men
  • Passes through the femoral ring and canal and lies lateral and inferior to the pubic tubercle and deeo and inferior to the inguinal ligament
  • Sac is formed by the parietal peritoneus
  • Strangulation of a femoral hernia may occur becuase of the sharp, stiff boundaries of the femoral ring, and the strangulation interferes with the blood supply to the herniated interstine, resulting in death of tissues
30
Q

Components of femoral sheath

A
  • Femoral artery and vein
  • Femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve
  • Femoral canal
31
Q

The femoral sheath is formed by a prolongation of the ___________ and ________ in the thigh.

A

Transversalis

Iliac fasciae

32
Q

The adductor canal begins at the apex of the _____________ and ends at the __________.

A

Femoral triangle; adductor hiatus

33
Q

Components of adductor canal

A
  • Femoral vessels
  • Saphenous nerve
  • Nerve to the bastus medialis
  • Descending genicular artery
34
Q

Role of the adductor hiatus

A

Allows the passage of the femoral vessels into the popliteal fossa

35
Q

Roles of the saphenous hiatus

A

Provides a pathway for the greater saphenous vein

36
Q

Pulled groin

A

A strain, streching, or tearing of the origin of the flexor and adductor of the thigh and often occur in sports that require quick starts

Structure and Function 1- Exam 2 (18 decks)

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