Thigh Flashcards
Piriformis syndrome
A condition in which the piriformis muscle irritates and places pressure o the sciatic nerve, causing pain in the buttocks and referring pain along the course of the sciatic nerve.
What is the referred pain of the sciatic nerve called?
Sciatia, in the lower back and hip radiates down the back of the thigh and into the lower back.
Pain is known to be due to herniation of a lower lumbar intervertebral disk comporomising nerve roots
Treatment for sciatia
It can trated with progressive piriformis streching. If this fails, then a corticosteriod may be administerd into the piriformis muscle. Finally, surgery may be opted as a last resort
When is a positive trendenburg sign be seen?
In a fracture of the femoral neck, dislocated hip joint (head of femur), or weakness and paralysis of the gluteus medias
If the right gluteus medius muscle is paralyzed, the left side of the pelvis falls instead of rising
How does avulsion of the ischial tuberosity happen?
May result from forcible flexion of the hip with the knee extended
Semitendinosus
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Blood Supply
Origin: Ishial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial surface of upper part of tibia
Innervation: Tibial portion of sciatic nerve
Action: Extends thigh, flexes, and rotates leg medially
Blood Supply: Inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries
Semimembranosus
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Blood Supply
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia
Innervation: Tibia portion of sciatic nerve
Action: Exttends thigh, flexes and rotates leg medially
Blood Supply: Profunda femoris and gluteal arteries
Biceps femoris
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Blood Supply
Origin:
- Long head: Ischial tuberosity
- Short head: Linea aspera and upper supracondylar line
Insertion: Head of fibia
Innervation: Tibial (long head) amd common peroneal (short head) divisions of sciatic nerve
Action: Extends thigh, flexes and rotates leg laterally
Blood Supply:
Deep femoral artery, perforating arteries; long head of biceps femoris: perforating branches from profunda femoris artery
Posterior muscles of the thigh
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris
What makes up the femoral triangle?
superiorly (also known as the base) by the inguinal ligament.
medially by the medial border of the adductor longus muscle.
laterally by the medial border of the sartorius muscle
What passes through the femoral triangle?
Femoral nerve, artery, vein, and lymphatics
Anterior muscles of the thigh
Iliacus
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Iliacus
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Blood Supply
Origin: Iliac fossa, ala of sacrum
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
Innervation: Femoral
Action: Flexes thigh (with psoas major)
Blood Supply: medial femoral circumflex artery, iliac branch of iliolumbar artery
Sartorius
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Blood Supply
Origin: Anterior-superior iliac spine
Insertion: Upper medial side of tibia
Innervation: Femoral
Action: Flexes and rotates thigh laterally, flexes and rotates leg medially
Blood Supply: Femoral artery
Rectus femoris
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Blood Supply
Origin: Anterior-inferior iliac spine, posterior-superior rim of acetabulum
Insertion: Base of patella, tibial tuberosity
Innervation: Femoral
Action: Fexes thigh, extends leg
Blood Supply: descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery
Vastus medialis
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Blood Supply
Origin: Intertrochanteric line, linea aspera, medial intermuscular septum
Insertion: Medial side of paterlla, tibial tuberosity
Innervation: Femoral nerve
Action: Extends leg
Blood Supply: Femoral artery
Vastus lateralis
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Blood Supply
Origin: Intertrochanteric line. greater trochanter, linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity, lateral intermuscular septum
Insertion: Lateral side of patella, tibial tuberosity
Innervation: Femoral nerve
Action: Extends leg
Blood Supply: Lateral circumflex femoral artery
Medial muscles of the thigh
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis
Octurator externus
Adductor longus
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Blood Supply
Origin: Body of pubis below its crest
Insertion: Middle third of linea aspera
Innervation: Obturator nerve
Action: Adducts and flexes thigh
Blood Supply: Deep femoral artery
Adductor brevis
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Blood Supply
Origin: Body and inferior pubic ramus
Insertion: Pectineal line, upper part of linea aspera
Innervation: Obturator nerve
Action: Adducts and flexes thigh
Blood Supply: Deep femoral artery
Adductor magnus
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Blood Supply
Origin: Ischiopubic ramus, ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, adductor tubercle
Innervation: Obturator nerve and tibial part of sciatic nerve
Action: Adducts, flexes, and extends thigh
Blood Supply: Deep femoral artery
Pectineus
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Blood Supply
Origin: Pectineal line of pubis
Insertion: Pectineal line of femur
Innervation: Obturator nerve and femur nerve
Action: Adducts and flexes thigh
Blood Supply: Obturator artery
Gracilis
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Blood Supply
Origin: Body and inferior pubic ramus
Insertion: Medial surface of upper quarter of tibia
Innervation: Obturator nerve
Action: Adducts and flexes thigh, flexes and rotates leg medially
Blood Supply: Medial circumflex femoral artery
Obturator externus
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Blood Supply
Origin: Margin of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
Insertion: Intertrochanteric fossa of femur
Innervation: Obturator
Action: Rotates thigh laterally
Blood Supply: Obturatory artery
How is the femoral ring bound?
anteriorly by the inguinal ligament.
posteriorly by the pectineal ligament.
medially by the crescentic base of the lacunar ligament.
laterally by the fibrous septum on the medial side of the femoral vein.
Role of the femoral canal
Transmits lymphatics from the lower limb and perineum to the peritoneal cavity
Components of the femoral canal
Fat
Areolar connective tissue
Lymph nodes
Vessels
What is the clinical significance of the femoral canal?
It is a potential weak area and a site of femoral herniation, which occurs most frequently in women because of the greater width of the superior pubic ramus of the femal pelvis
Femoral hernia
- More common in women than in men
- Passes through the femoral ring and canal and lies lateral and inferior to the pubic tubercle and deeo and inferior to the inguinal ligament
- Sac is formed by the parietal peritoneus
- Strangulation of a femoral hernia may occur becuase of the sharp, stiff boundaries of the femoral ring, and the strangulation interferes with the blood supply to the herniated interstine, resulting in death of tissues
Components of femoral sheath
- Femoral artery and vein
- Femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve
- Femoral canal
The femoral sheath is formed by a prolongation of the ___________ and ________ in the thigh.
Transversalis
Iliac fasciae
The adductor canal begins at the apex of the _____________ and ends at the __________.
Femoral triangle; adductor hiatus
Components of adductor canal
- Femoral vessels
- Saphenous nerve
- Nerve to the bastus medialis
- Descending genicular artery
Role of the adductor hiatus
Allows the passage of the femoral vessels into the popliteal fossa
Roles of the saphenous hiatus
Provides a pathway for the greater saphenous vein
Pulled groin
A strain, streching, or tearing of the origin of the flexor and adductor of the thigh and often occur in sports that require quick starts
