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Structure and Function 1- Exam 2 > Leg > Flashcards

Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What is found in the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal vessels

The common peroneal and tibial nerves

Small saphenous vein

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2
Q

Anterior tibial compartment syndrome

A

An ischemic necrosis of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg, resulting from compression of the anterior tibial artery and its branches by swollen muscles following excessive exertion. It is accompanied by extreme tenderness and pain on the anterolateral aspect of the leg.

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3
Q

Shin split

A

A painful condition caused by swollen muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg along the shin bone (tibia), particulary the tibialis anterior muscle, following overexertion.

*Note: It may be a mild form of anterior compartment syndrome

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4
Q

Muscle cramp (“charley horse”)

A

A sudden, involuntary, painful contaction of muscles of the lower limb. It is caused by muscle fatigue from prolonged sitting, overexertion, dehydration, and depletion or imbalance of salt and minerals as well as poor blood supply to leg muscles. It occurs most commonly in the calf muscles, hamstrings, and quadriceps. The crampt goes away within a few minutes, or it can be treated by a gentle stretch and massage of the cramped muscle, pain relievers, and muscle relaxers

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5
Q

Intermittent claudation

A

A condition of limping caused by ischemia of the muscles in the lower limbs, chiefly the calf muscles, as seen in occlusive peripheral arterial diseases particularly in the popliteal artery and its branches. The main symptom is leg pain that occurs during walking and intensifies until walking is impossible, but the pain is relieved by rest.

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6
Q

Anterial muscles of the leg

A

Tibialis anterior

Extensor hallucis longus

Extensor digitorum longus

Peroneus (fibularis) tertius

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7
Q

Tibialis anterior

Origin

Insertion

Nerve

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Lateral tibial condyle, interosseous membrane

Insertion: First cuneiform, first metatarsal

Nerve: Deep peroneal (fibular)

Action: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Blood Supply: Anterior tibial artery

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8
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

Origin

Insertion

Nerve

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Middle half of anterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane

Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of big toe

Nerve: Deep peroneal (Fibular)

Action: Extends bitoe, dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Blood Supply: Anterior tibial artery

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9
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

Origin

Insertion

Nerve

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Laterial tibial condyle, upper two thirds of fibula, interosseous membrane

Insertion: Bases of middle and distal phalanges

Nerve: Deep peroneal (fibular)

Action: Extends toes, dorsiflexes and everts foot

Blood Supply: Anterior tibial artery

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10
Q

Fibularis tertius

Origin

Insertion

Nerve

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Distal one-third of fibula, interosseous membrane

Insertion: Base of fifth metatarsal

Nerve: Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve

Action: Dorsiflexes and everts foot

Blood Supply: Anterior tibial artery

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11
Q

Lateral muscles of the leg

A

Peroneus (fibularis) longus

Peroneus (fibularis) brevis

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12
Q

Fibularis longus

Origin

Insertion

Nerve

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Lateral surface of the prooximal fibula

Insertion: Base of first metatarsal, medial cuneiform

Nerve: Superficial fibular

Action: Everts and plantar flexes foot

Blood Supply: Fibular artery

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13
Q

Fibularis brevis

Origin

Insertion

Nerve

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Lower lateral side of fibula, intermuscular septa

Insertion: Base of fifth metatarsal

Nerve: Superficial peroneal (fibular)

Action: Everts and plantar flexes foot

Blood Supply: Fibular artery

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14
Q

Supeficial posterior muscles of leg

A

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Plantaris

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15
Q

Deep posterior muscles of leg

A

Popliteus

Flexor hallucis longus

Flexor digitorum longus

Tibialis posterior

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16
Q

Gastrocnemius

Origin

Insertion

Nerve

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin:

  • Lateral head: Lateral femoral condyles
  • Medial head: Medial femoral condyles

Insertion: Posterior aspect of calcaneus via tendon calcaneus

Nerve: Tibial nerve

Action: Flexes knee, plantar flexes foot

Blood Supply: Sural arteries; popliteal artery; superior lateral genicular artery

17
Q

Soleus

Origin

Insertion

Nerve

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Upper fibular head, soleal line on tibia

Insertion: Posterior aspect of calcenous via tendo calcaneus

Nerve: Tibial

Action: Plantar flexes foot

Blood Supply: popliteal artery, posterior tibial artery, peroneal artery

18
Q

Plantaris

Origin

Insertion

Nerve

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Lower lateral supracondylar line

Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus

Nerve: Tibial

Action: Flexes leg, plantar flexes foot

Blood Supply: Sural arteries

19
Q

Popliteus

Origin

Insertion

Nerve

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Lateral condyle of femur, politeal ligament

Insertion: Upper posterior side of tibia

Nerve: Tibial

Action: Flexes by unlocking knee and rotates leg medially

Blood Supply: Popliteal artery

20
Q

Flexor hallucis longus

Origin

Insertion

Nerve

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Lower two-thirds of fibula, interosseous membrane, intermuscular septa

Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of big toe

Nerve: Tibial

Action: Plantar flexes foot, flexes distal phalanx of big toe

Blood Supply: Peroneal artery (peroneal branch of the posterior tibial artery)

21
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

Origin

Insertion

Nerve

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Middle posterior aspect of tibia

Insertion: Distal phalanges of lateral four toes

Nerve: Tibial

Action: Flexes lateral four toes, plantar flexes foot

Blood Supply: Posterior Tibial artery

22
Q

Tibialis posterior

Origin

Insertion

Nerve

Action

Blood Supply

A

Origin: Interosseous membrane, upper parrts of tibia and fibula

Insertion: Tuberosity of navicular, sustentacula tali, three cuneiforms, cuboid, bases of metarsals 2-4

Nerve: Tibial

Action: Plantar flexes and inverts foot

Blood Supply: Posterior tibial artery

23
Q

Restless leg syndrome

A

A sense of restless unpleasant discomfort inside the legs when sitting or lying down, accompanied by an irresistible urge to move the legs. Movements like walking brings temporary relief, but it is worse at rest and in the evening or at night. Its cause is unknown.

24
Q

Knee-jerk reflex

A

Occurs when the patellar ligament is tapped, resulting in a sudden contraction of the quadriceps femoris. It tests the L2 to L4 spinal (fermoral nerves) by activating muscle spindle in the quadriceps. Both afferent and efferent impulses are transmitted in the femoral nerve.

25
Q

Ankle-jerk (Achilles) reflex

A

A reflex twitch of the triceps surae (the medial and lateral heads of the gastocnemius and the soleus muscles) induced by tapping the tendon calcaneus. It causes plantar flexion of the foot and tests its reflex center in the L5 to S1 or S1 to S2 segments of the spinal cord. Both afferent and efferent limbs of the reflex arc are carried in the tibial nerve

26
Q

What is the broad band of deep fascia extending between the tibia and fibula above the ankle called?

A

Superior Extensor Retinaculum

27
Q

What is the Inferior extensor retinaculum?

A

A Y-shaped band of deep fascia that forms a loop for the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus and the peroneus tertius and then divides into an upper band, which attaches to the medial malleolus, and lower band, which attaches to the deep fascia of the foot and the plantar aponeurosis

Structure and Function 1- Exam 2 (18 decks)

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