Gluteal Region Script Flashcards
: A complete cycle of the walking gait is called a ___________.
stride
What are the two periords that each lower limb passes through during a stride?
Each lower limb passes through two periods during a stride: a stance period, during which the foot is in contact with the surface below, and a swing period, during which the foot is swung forward above the surface below.
What are the bones of the gluteal region?
The bones of the gluteal region in an adult include the two lowest bones of the spine, namely, the sacrum and coccyx, the coxal bone, and the proximal, or upper, end of the femur.
The coxal bone during childhood and early adolescence consists of three bones (called the __________,____________, and ___________) united by __________.
the pubis, ischium, and ilium; cartilage
In an adult, which bons are fused to form a signe coxal bone?
Ilium, Ishium, and Pubis
In the lower part of the trunk of the body, the left and right coxal bones are joined with each other and the two lowest bones of the spine to form a bowl-shaped ring of bones called the ____________.
bony pelvis
Which joint joins the pubic parts of the coxal bones? What type of joint is it?
pubic symphysis
cartilagenous joint
Which joint unites the sacrum with the iliac part of the coxal bone? What type of joint is it?
sacroiliac joint
Synovial joint
Pelvic fractures
- Fractures of the bony pelvis
- Fractures occur in pairs
- One bone of the pair fractured, one bone of the pair dislocation
- Both bones of pair fractured
What parts of the bony pelvis are most commonly fractured?
The superior and inferior pubic rami
Which is there a high morbidity and mortality associated with pelvic fractures?
There is high morbidity and mortality associated with pelvic fractures because of attendant hemorrhagic shock and pelvic organ damage.
*Also, when the pelvis is fractured it is likely that the urethra and bladder are also fractured.
The _______ is the bone of the thigh
femur
What are the most notable parts of the proximal femur?
- Head of the femur with its fovea capitis
- Neck of the femur
- Greater and lesser trochanters
Which type of hip fracture is common among the elderly? What contributes to this?
Fractures of the femoral neck are especially common among the elderly; the contribution of osteoporosis to the genesis of such fractures accounts for the greater incidence of hip fractures among elderly women than among elderly men.
Which pars of the bony pelvis are palpable?
the iliac crest all the way back to the posterior superior iliac spine, the sacrum, the ischial tuberosity, and the greater trochanter of the femur.
The ____________is the cup-shaped cavity on the lateral, or outer, surface of the coxal bone.
acetabulum
The central floor of the acetabulum has a rough surface and is called the ___________. The smooth, horseshoe-shaped surface that almost completely surrounds the acetabular fossa is called the ___________ surface of the acetabulum.
acetabular fossa; lunate
What is the actebular labrum? What is it’s purpose?
The acetabular labrum is a C-shaped ring of fibrous cartilage that encircles the acetabular rim. The acetabular labrum significantly enhances the stability of the hip joint because it embraces the spheroidal surface of the head of the femur just distal to its greatest diameter.
What artery provides blood to the femur? Where is it housed?
The artery in the ligament to the head of the femur that supplies blood to the head of the femur.
Which three ligaments strengthen and thicken the fibrous capsule of the hip joint?
Iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments extend, respectively, from the iliac, pubic, and ischial parts of the coxal bone to the femur.
The ___________bursa is a prominent bursa that intervenes between the hip joint’s fibrous capsule and the two thigh muscles (iliacus and psoas major).
iliopectineal
Which two muscles together form the strongest muscle of the thigh?
iliacus and psoas major
What type of joint is the hip joint? What type of movements does it allow for?
The hip joint is ball-and -socket joint
Movements: flexion and extension of the thigh, abduction and adduction of the thigh, and internal and external rotation of the thigh
Injury or infection of a synovial joint typically leads to increased production of synovial fluid within the joint. The increased volume of synovial fluid within the joint is called a ___________.
joint effusion
Primary osteoarthritis of a synovial joint
the condition in which the normal wear-and-tear stresses on the joint from daily activities lead to thinning of hyaline cartilage surfaces within the joint (typically within the superior joint space)
____________ is the only gluteal muscle which can extend the thigh at the hip joint. It is innervated by the ____________ nerve.
Gluteus maximus; inferior gluteal
When a person rises from a seated position, the left and right ______________muscles are the chief muscles that raise the person from his or her seat.
gluteus maximus
If the lower limb is in the ______________ period, lower limb muscles act to accelerate, stabilize, or decelerate the movement of their origin, or proximal attachment site. If, on the other hand, the lower limb is in the ___________ period, lower limb muscles act to accelerate, stabilize, or decelerate the movement of their insertion, or distal attachment site.
stance; swing
Gluteus maximus gait
Individuals who suffer from paralysis of gluteus maximus adopt an abnormal gait, gait in which they lean the body trunk backward at heel strike in order to compensate for the loss of the muscle’s contribution to the initial contact and loading response phases of the walking gait.
During walking, the gluteus maximus is most active during which phases?
When walking, gluteus maximus is most active during the terminal swing phase of the swing period and the initial contact and loading response phases of the following stance period
Chief abductors of the thigh
Gluteus medias
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae
Gluteus medius and minimus are both innervated by the_______________ nerve.
superior gluteal
In what way does the gluteus maximus and minimus play a major role in the walking gait?
The gluteus medius and minimus muscles around the right hip joint, however, minimize this downward, or medial, tilt of the bony pelvis at the right hip joint by pulling on the bony pelvis from their attachment to the femur.
How do you assess the capacity of gluteus medius and minimus to adequately exert their lateral pelvic tilting action?
- The patient stands in front of an examiner, with the patient’s back facing the examiner, and alternatively raises each foot of the ground.
- Normal: As the left foot is raised off the ground, gluteus medius and minimus on the right side exert their lateral pelvic tilting action to slightly elevate the left side of the pelvis
- Abnormal: As the left foot is raised off the ground, the left side of the pelvis drops because of the inadequacy of gluteus medius and minimus on the right side
External rotators of the thigh
Piriformis
Superior gemellus
Obturator internus
Inferior gemellus
Quadratus femoris
Which nerve fibers make up the lumbosacral plexus?
L4, L5, S1, S2, S3, and S4
The L4 and L5 nerve fibers that contribute to the sacral plexus enter the plexus as a nerve bundle called the ___________
lumbosacral trunk
Which nerve fibers contribute to the sciatic nerve?
L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3
The sciatic nerve extends from the sacral plexus into the gluteal region by passing through the _____________
greater sciatic foramen.
