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AMPP CIP Level 2 > Thick Barrier Linings > Flashcards

Thick Barrier Linings Flashcards

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

Some thick barrier lining materials are:

A
  • Reinforced plastic materials (such as fiberglass used in polyesters, final esters, epoxy, novolac epoxy, etc.)
    -Polymeric sheet materials, including polyethylene
  • Rubber linings
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3
Q

What are the polymeric plastic sheet materials available?

A
  • poly vinyl chloride (PVC)
  • polyethylene (PE)
  • polypropylene (PP)
  • fluoropolymer materials
    • Kynar PVDF
    • Halar ETCFE
    • Teflon FEP & PTFE
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4
Q

Rubber linings used for in the storage and transportation of:

A

Acids
certain alkalis,
food, chemicals, and food, products, selected solvent,
specialty chemicals and
other corrosive products, plastic pallets, clays, etc.

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5
Q

Rubber linings are used most commonly in:

A

Railroad tank cars
truck tanks
barge tanks

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6
Q

What are the two major classes of rubber linings?

A

Natural and synthetic

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7
Q

What is natural rubber lining?

A

Derived from latex obtained from Hevia trees and is coagulated with acetic or formic acid.
Unsaturated hydrocarbon known as polyisoprene

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8
Q

What is synthetic rubber lining?

A

Anyone of a group of man-made elastomers with one or more of the properties of natural rubber

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9
Q

How is rubber lining cured?

A

Vulcanization

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10
Q

What is vulcanization?

A

As psysiochemical change, resulting from the cross leaking of unsaturated, hydrocarbon chain of natural rubber with sulfur in the application of heat

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11
Q

What are the three factors that affect the properties of vulcanized product?

A

Percentage of sulfur and accelerated used, temperature of the curing process, time of cure

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12
Q

What are the cure methods used to vulcanized sheet rubber lining?

A

Autoclave, internal steam, atmospheric steam, hot water, chemical

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13
Q

Describe soft rubber lining

A

Greatest flexibility elongation in accommodation to movement of the three groups of rubber, good resistance to a number of corrosive chemicals, excellent abrasion resistance, good temperature resistance up to 140°F, standard for tanks containing hydrochloric acid

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14
Q

Describe try-ply linings

A

A try apply lining construction is used to form a sandwich which is semi hard, or hard, rubber between two layers of soft rubber

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15
Q

How are triply linings applied?

A

The steel substrate is coated with a special adhesive primer and then a tie gum (tacky layer of rubber) is applied over the primer to promote bonding of the two surfaces

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16
Q

Triply linings provide excellent corrosion and abrasion resistance. True or false.

A

True

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17
Q

Semi hard, rubber is compounded with what?

A

With about 15% by weight of sulfur

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18
Q

Semi hard, rubber linings can be used:

A

In strong acid concentrations
At temperatures up to 180°F
In water conditioning equipment
In wet chlorine gas
In plating solutions

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19
Q

What are the disadvantages of semi hard rubber linings?

A

Semi hard rubber compounds:
Are affected by temperature changes
Become very brittle at freezing temperatures
Are not suitable for wide temperature changes

20
Q

What is an advantage of hard rubber lining?

A

Can handle highly corrosive solutions such as concentrated HCI and wet chlorine gas at 200 to 220°F

21
Q

What are hard rubber linings generally used on?

A

Generally used used on rigid shapes of well-designed equipment that is not subject to rapid temperature changes

22
Q

What are some characteristics of hard rubber linings?

A

Low permeability to moisture
Good ab abrasion resistance
Hardness range from 60 to 80 shore D durometer

23
Q

What are some various types of synthetic rubber?

A

Butyl
Neoprene
Nitrile
Chlorobutyl
Hypalon

24
Q

What does butyl rubber have? Excellent resistance to?

A

Sulfuric acid
Dilute nitric acid
Dilute Hydrofluoric at temperatures up to 200°F

25
Q

What are some characteristics of chlorobutyl rubber?

A

Very low permeability
Excellent chemical resistance
Can be applied as thick as 1/2” over tie gum. It is used in flue gas scrubbers in hypochlorite, super phosphorus acid, and sulfuric acid

26
Q

Neoprene is a general purpose rubber lining and is resistant to:

A

Lube oils
Gasoline
50% sulfuric acid at 180°F
50 to 70% NaOH
Acid slurries
Ozone

27
Q

What is nitrile rubber resistant to?

A

Aliphatic solvents
Animal, vegetable, and mineral oils

28
Q

Surface conditions and surface preparation requirements are more strict for rubber linings then those required by many liquid dispersion materials. True or false?

A

True

29
Q

What are the typical surface preparation requirements for rubber linings?

A
  • Steel shall be new, full weight, steel, free from structural defects
  • Steel plate shall be flat with no appreciable warp or buckle
  • Steel plate should have a minimum thickness and weight as specified
  • Vessel must be braced to avoid bulging
30
Q

What are the typical surface preparation requirements on wells for rubber linings?

A
  • All welds to be continuous peened and ground to remove sharp edges and high spots
  • edges and corners should be ground to a minimum radius as specified
  • all spatter should be removed
31
Q

What is the surface preparation cleaning standard for rubber linings?

A

Surface should be cleaned of all contaminants and then blasted cleaned to NACE No. 1/SSPC-SP 5 white metal with a surface profile of 1.5 to 2.5 mils

32
Q

Describe the rubber lining installation process?

A

Cut lining to proper shape
Edges must fit precisely unless an overlap is to be done
Primer, tie coat, or adhesive applied
Lining positioned and then rolled

33
Q

Describe rubber lining curing process

A

Curing is generally performed in an autoclave with live steam at about 50 psi in the temperature of 252 300°F

34
Q

An inspection of rubber lining may include checking for:

A

Hardness
Bubbles wrinkles or loose lap seams
Holidays with spark tester

35
Q

For rubber linings small repairs may be done with what?

A

A chemically cured rubber such as chlorobutyl

36
Q

Failures and rubber lining may be caused by:

A

Incorrect product selected
Using rubber after shelf life has expired
Using rubber that was not properly stored
Incorrect application process
Inadequate cure

37
Q

Chlorinated polyethyl resins are available as:

A

Powders
Dispersion/solutions coating
Sheet materials

38
Q

What are some considerations when applying chlorinated polyether as a coating?

A

The surface should be cleaned as specified
Each coat should be fused

39
Q

What are some considerations when applying chlorinated polyether in sheets?

A

Bonding surfaces must be clean
Adhesive must be applied
Substrate is often heated and rolled

40
Q

How should chlorinated polyether sheet be prepared?

A

Cleaned with MEK
Given a light blast or hand sanded
Vacuum cleaned and primed

41
Q

What are the two basic forms of polyethylene?

A

High density and low density

42
Q

What are the three methods for applying polyethylene?

A

Melting the resin and extruding it onto the surface of the article
Heating the work piece and then emerging it into a fluidized bed
Flame spraying

43
Q

Which are the most common curing methods for a field applied natural rubber lining project?
A. Autoclave/gas fired
B. Chemical cure
C. Co-Reaction
D. Atmospheric steam or internal steam

A

D. Atmospheric steam or internal steam

44
Q

Which component cross-links with the natural rubber, giving a physicochemical change that makes the rubber harder?
A. Unsaturated hydrocarbon
B. Clay
C. Isocyanates
D. Sulfur

A

D. Sulfur

45
Q

Typically polymeric sheet materials are ______.
A. Thermosetting
B. Thermoplastic
C. Heat welded together at seams
D. Primed with a suitable adhesive

A

B. Thermoplastic
C. Heat welded together at seams
D. Primed with a suitable adhesive

AMPP CIP Level 2 (18 decks)

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