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AMPP CIP Level 2 > Pipeline Mainline & Field Joint Coatings > Flashcards

Pipeline Mainline & Field Joint Coatings Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three main products transported by pipelines?

A
  • Oil
  • Gas
  • Water
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2
Q

What are the different type of pipelines?

A
  • Gathering
  • Midstream
  • Transmission
  • Distribution
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3
Q

What is a gathering pipeline?

A

Collects raw gas from wells and ships to plants for processing

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4
Q

What is a midstream pipeline?

A

Ships processed gas from gas plants to storage facilities

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5
Q

What is a transmission pipeline?

A

Ships gas from storage facilities to markets across the country

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6
Q

What is a distribution pipeline?

A

Collects gas from the transmission system to distribute gas to end users

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7
Q

What are three things you need to know to stop a pipeline from rusting too much?

A
  • Corrosion/environment
  • Coatings
  • Cathodic protection
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8
Q

To apply field joint coatings properly you will need to know:

A
  • What mainline coating was applied to the pipeline
  • What field joint coating is to be applied
  • How to recognize the mainline coating visually
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9
Q

The most common two-layer polyethylene (PE) coating is what color?

A

Typically yellow

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10
Q

Two-layer PE is the most popular coating used for nominal pipe sizes 2” to 16”.
True or false?

A

True

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11
Q

What is the base layer of two-layer PE?

A

Usually black mastic (asphalt and rubber) adhesive applied directly to steel substrate

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12
Q

Two-layer PE is rated for a pipeline operating temperature up to how many degrees?

A

140°F

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of three-layer PE?

A
  • Looks like 2LPE
  • Includes a layer of FBE (fusion bond epoxy) directly on the steel
  • Intermediate layer is an adhesive; usually not visible
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14
Q

List steps of three-layer PE application.

A
  • Preheat pipe (if required)
  • Epoxy/FBE application
  • Application of co-polymer adhesive layer
  • Application of PE (side or cross-head extrusion)
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15
Q

What color(s) are fusion bonded epoxy (FBE)?

A

Typically green or red and looks like a painted finish

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16
Q

How many layers does FBE have?

A

May be a single layer or a two-layer “dual-powder”

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17
Q

What is the DFT range for FBE?

A

DFT from 10 to 20 mils

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18
Q

Pipeline Maintline & Field Joint Coatings

Where can tapes be used?

A

Can be used as a standalone coating on water lines or as part of an insulation system

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19
Q

What are some advantages of coal tar enamel?

A
  • Ease of application
  • Long life in some environments
20
Q

What are some disadvantages of coal tar enamel?

A
  • Subject to corrosion and damage from soil stress
  • Environmental and exposure concerns
  • Use of coal tar is regulated in some locations
21
Q

Pipeline Mainline & Field Joint Coatings

Describe heat shrink sleeves and basic process

A
  • Have crocess-linked polyethylene backing and a heat-activated adhesive
  • Heat shrinks the outer sleeve
  • Preheated substrate melts inner adhesive
  • Adhesive is forced into the surface
22
Q

Pipeline Mainline & Field Joint Coatings

What are the two types of tests that can be done on shrink sleeves

A
  • Non-destructive
  • Destructive
23
Q

Pipeline Mainline & Field Joint Coatings

What non-destructive tests that can be done on heat shrink sleeves?

A
  • Visual inspection
  • Physical inspection
  • Holiday destection (can be destructive if voltage is set too high)
24
Q

Pipeline Mainline & Field Joint Coatings

What destructive tests can be done on heat shrink sleeves?

A

Peel test (NACE TM 21240)

25
Q

Pipeline Mainline & Field Joint Coatings

Describe the peel test on heat shrink sleeves.

A

(NACE TM 21240): A 1” wide strip cut, pulled from pipe. Look for the mode of failure as follows:
- Cohesive failure in the adhesive PASS
- Adhesive failure to the substrate FAIL
- Adhesive failure to the backing PASS

26
Q

Describe insulation half shells

A
  • Minimum density polyurethane
  • Available in pipe diameters 1” to 16”
  • Variable thicknesses are available
  • Field repair kits are available from various manufacturers
27
Q

Pipeline Mainline & Field Joint Coatings

Liquid epoxies look like FBE.
True or false?

A

True

28
Q

Where would liquid epoxies be used on pipelines

A

Used for short sections of pipe, bends, and configurations

29
Q

What would the DFT range be for liquid epoxies on pipelines be?

A

DFT from 10 mils to 60 mils, normally nominal thickness of 20 mils

30
Q

Pipeline Mainline & Field Joint Coatings

What are the two types of tests that can be done on cold applied tapes?

A
  • Non-destructive
  • Destructive
31
Q

What non-destructive tests that can be done on cold applied tapes?

A
  • Visual inspection
  • Physical inspection
  • Holiday destection
32
Q

What destructive tests can be done on cold applied tapes?

A

Peel test

33
Q

Surface preparation is the same for hot applied tapes as heat shrink sleeves.
True or false?

A

True

34
Q

What are the two ways to tell if hot applied coating tape is fully shrunk?

A
  • Tape will shrink down tightly to the pipe surface
  • Adhesive flows out from the edges of the hot tape
35
Q

What color(s) are FBE field joints?

A

Typically green or red

36
Q

What materials can be used to repair FBE?

A
  • Epoxy FBE melt sticks
  • Liquid epoxy
  • Repair patches
  • Heat shrink sleeves
37
Q

What is petrolatum (wax) tape?

A
  • Composed of synthetic fabric, filled with petrolatum compound, filler and anti-corrosion agents
  • Creates solid water barrier
  • Excellent strength/very good abrasion resistance
  • Good resistance to acids, alkalis, salts, and bacteria
38
Q

Where would petrolatum (wax) tape be used?

A
  • Pipeline joints and bends
  • Flanges
  • Valves
39
Q

What are some mainline coating repair products?

A
  • Mastic fillers
  • Repair patches
  • Melt sticks
40
Q

Linings are applied to the inside of pipelines in order to ________.
A. Provide a weight coating
B. Maintain product purity
C. Reduce resistance to flow
D. Minimize cathodic protection cost

A

B. Maintain product purity
C. Reduce resistance to flow

41
Q

All 2-layer polyethylene (2LPE) applies directly to the steel with a ___________.
A. Black mastic (asphalt and rubber) adhesive applied beneath the polyethylene (PE)
B. Base layer of asphalt cutback applied beneath the polyethylene (PE)
C. FBE primer layer, with a co-polymer tie coat applied beneath the polyethylene (PE)
D. Co-polymer adhesive primer applied under the polyethylene

A

D. Co-polymer adhesive primer applied under the polyethylene

42
Q

You have taken an assignment as the coating inspector on a pipeline being installed in your locality. The mainline section of the pipe have already been coated in the fabrication facility. To ensure field join coatings are properly applied you will need to know the following?
A. What mainline coating was originally applied
B. What field joint coating was specified
C. The batch numbers of the mainline coating
D. The steels chemical make up (mill certification)

A

A. What mainline coating was originally applied
B. What field joint coating was specified

43
Q

Which coating is in limited use due to environmental and exposure concerns?
A. 2-layer high density polyethylene (2LPE)
B. Fusion bonded epoxy
C. Coal tar epoxy
D. Petrolatum Wax Tape

A

C. Coal tar epoxy

44
Q

What is the most common application method for Petrolatum (wax) tape on a pipeline?
A. Hand
B. Roller
C. Spray
D. Mitt

A

A. Hand

45
Q

Inspection considerations for heat-shrink sleeves include which of the following?
A. Ensure the sleeve is in full contact with the pipe
B. Ensure there is adhesive flow-out beyond the sleeve edge
C. Holiday detection at proper voltage
D. Ensure that entrapped air present to insulate the pipe

A

A. Ensure the sleeve is in full contact with the pipe
B. Ensure there is adhesive flow-out beyond the sleeve edge
C. Holiday detection at proper voltage

46
Q

Liquid applied epoxy coatings for pipeline typically require that you ensure which quality control steps?
A. Pre-cleaning surface to remove contaminants
B. Surface preparation conforms to the specification
C. Ensure mixing per the manufacturer’s
D. Ensure the product is applied with plural component spray

A

A. Pre-cleaning surface to remove contaminants
B. Surface preparation conforms to the specification
C. Ensure mixing per the manufacturer’s

47
Q

You are the coating inspector on a pipeline project where field applied foam will be used for insulation. Which of the following are quality concerns regarding the cutback?
A. Squared cutback edges
B. Cutting into the anti-corrosion coating
C. Cut is curved properly
D. Minimum overlap at joints

A

A. Squared cutback edges
D. Minimum overlap at joints

AMPP CIP Level 2 (18 decks)

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