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Neuroscience I test 2 > Thermoregulation (karius) > Flashcards

Thermoregulation (karius) Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of system is thermoregulatino

how does it work?

A

feed-forward system

-prevents changes in the controlled variable

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2
Q

definition of thermoreceptor

A

neurons which change their firing rate in response to changes in local temperature

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3
Q

what kind of nerve endings do thermoreceptors have

A

bare nerve endings

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4
Q

describe warm sensitive thermoreceptors

  • channel names
  • also activated by what
A

TRP-V!-V4 detect different levels of temp range
also activated by capsaicin (hot peppers)
-binding of receptor allows sodium and or calcium in

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5
Q

cold senstitive receptor called

A

TRPM8 or CMR-1

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6
Q

what else is cold sensitive thermoreceptors activated by

A

menthol

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7
Q

at very low temperatures what causes the falling off of cold sensitive neurons from firing

A

actually damage to the skin

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8
Q

at very high temperatures why do cold sensitive neurons fire

A

body protection mechanism

-warm receptors can stop working gradually but cold ones cannot

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9
Q

where are the thermoreceptors located

A

skin, viscera, and brain

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10
Q

what is the main controller of thermoreg

A

hypothalamus

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11
Q

anterior hypothalamus responsible for what

A

responding to heat

heat loss behavior

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12
Q

posterior hypothalamus responsible for what

A

response to cooling

heat production behaviors

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13
Q

how does body temp change with activity

A

sleep–> Temp decreases, circadian influence
with exercise–> T increases
-increase heat production and set point

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14
Q

when is body temp lowest based on circadian rhythm

A

6 am

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15
Q

thermoreceptors in the core

A

brain

viscera

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16
Q

thermoreceptors not in the core

A

cutaneous thermoreceptors

-axons located in the skin

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17
Q

cutaneous thermoreceptors

A

bimodal (temp and touch sensitive)

  • warm or cold sensitive
  • 10X as many cold sensitive
  • tell us about environmental conditions
18
Q

location of central thermoreceptors

A

pre-optic and superoptic region of hypothalamus

-in anterior part of hypothal but help whether hot or cold

19
Q

more warm or cold sensitive receptors in the central thermoreceptors

A

3x as many warm ones

20
Q

where do central thermoreceptors relay info

A

to other areas of the hypothalamus

21
Q

heat production mechanisms

A

ANS: sympathetic
hormonal: thyroxin, epinephrine/norepi

22
Q

ways of producing heat

A

muscular activity (involuntary or conscious)
non shivering thermogenesis (non-muscular)
-heat being produced by other cells than muscle

23
Q

center of shivering location

A

dorsomedial posterior hypothalamus

24
Q

muscular activity has 2 mechanisms

A 
shivering
-dorsomedial posterior hypothal
-increase in motorneuron excitation
increase in voluntary activity 
-via cortex
-jumping, running
25
Q

non-shivering thermogenesis

A

hormonal influence
increase food intake
brown adipose tissue

26
Q

hormonal non shivering thermogen

A

thyroxin increases metabolic rate
stiumulus for TRH release is cold
epinephrine

27
Q

increase in food intake non shivering thermogenesis

A

increases metabolism

28
Q

brwon adipose tissue

A

uncoupling enzyme hydrolyzes ATP to uses this as heat instead of energy

sympathetic: innervation of brown fat, circulating epinephrine

29
Q

heat loss: evaporative (2 kinds)

A

evaporative heat loss

1) insensible (respiratory)
2) sweating (controlled)

30
Q

convection

A

losing heat to cooler air than skin

31
Q

conduction

A

losing heat to objects in contact with our skin

32
Q

radiation

A

infrared radiation transferring heat btwn 2 objects not in physcial contact
-losing heat to cooler wall in room

33
Q

response to increased core temp

A

decreased heat production

  • apathy/inertia
  • anorexia

increase heat loss:

  • blood to skin
  • sweat
34
Q

sweating innervation

A

sympathetic but ach binding to muscuranic receptors

35
Q

low flow rate: sweat composition

A

high in salt low in water

36
Q

high flow rate: sweat composition

A

high water low sodium

37
Q

response to decreased core temp

A

increase heat produciton

  • shivering
  • non-shivering thermogenesis

decrease heat loss

  • blood away from skin
  • decrease sweat
38
Q

how is fever produced

A

when “bug” releases endotoxins it causes immune cells to release prostaglandin E2
-this tells the hypothalamus to increase set point for temp above normal

39
Q

in absence of endotoxins what happens

A

hypothalamic set point returns to normal

40
Q

hyper and hypothermia

A

uncontrolled changes in body temperature

  • set point remains normal
  • environmental stresses exceed body’s ability to regulate temp
  • at extremes: hypothalamic regulation may be lost

Neuroscience I test 2 (8 decks)

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