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Neuroscience I test 2 > Embryology of the Head and Neck > Flashcards

Embryology of the Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

during the first 10 weeks of development what cradles the base of the skull?
-what forms at the end of this period

A

cartilaginous neurocranium

-flat bones of cranial vault start to form as part of membranous neurocranium

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2
Q

2 parts of the viscerocranium or facial bones

A

cartilaginous: 1st branchial arch: meckel’s
2nd branchial arch: reichert’s
3,4,6 branchial arches

membranous: maxillary prominence of 1st branchial arch
mandibular prominence of 1st branchial arch

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3
Q

apert syndrome

A

premature fusion of coronal sutures

-tower skull appearance

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4
Q

cranioschisis

A

failure of occipital and parietal bones to completely form or close
-associated with arreste4d brain development and rudimentary forebrain (anacephaly)

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5
Q

macrocephaly

A

enlarged cranium secondary to hydrocephaly

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6
Q

week 4 development of face, stomodeum

A

separated from the endodermal foregut by oropharyngeal membrane

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7
Q

what induces the evagination of the ectoderm to form the stomodaeum

A

the primitve pharynx

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8
Q

frontalnasal prominence forms what

A

forehead, dorsum and apex of nose

  • portion of skin ectoderm thickens = nasal placodes
  • invagination of nasal placodes = lateral and medial nasal prominences
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9
Q

what are the nasal prominences formed by

A

the proliferation of the mesenchyme beneath the medial and lateral edges of the nasal placodes

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10
Q

what does the lateral nasal prominence form

A

the alae of the nsoe

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11
Q

what does the medial nasal prominence form

A

middle part of nose, mdeial upper lip and philtrum

dorsum of nose

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12
Q

what forms the primary palate

A

the posterior portion of the intermaxillary segment

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13
Q

how does the nasal septum form

A

midline down growth of fused medial nasal prominences

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14
Q

secondary palate develops as ___ develops

will develop ___ ____ that fuse with ____

A

tongue

palatal shelves, primary plate

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15
Q

how do nasal sacs form

A

nasal placodes invaginate to form nasal pits, enlarge to form nasal sacs (primitive nasal cavities)

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16
Q

what is the remaining membrane between the nasal sacs and oral cavity called

A

oronasal membrane, later ruptures to open the nasopharynx to the oropharynx (primitive choanae

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17
Q

formation of the nasolacrimal duct

A

lateral nasal prominence and maxillary prominence form furrow, ectoderm in floor thickens to form a cord
-separates from surface and canalizes to form nasolacrimal duct

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18
Q

what does the buccopharyngeal membrane mark

A

its the line marking the anterior 2/3 of oral cavity (ectoderm) and posterior 1/3 (endoderm)

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19
Q

what is an oblique facial cleft due to

A

failure of lateral nasal prominence and maxillary prominence to fuse
-associated with cleft chin

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20
Q

what do the maxillary prominences form

A

lateral parts of upper lip and jaw

-secondary palate or palatine shelves

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21
Q

strucutres from branchial arch III innervated by what

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

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22
Q

what happens when the mandibular prominences fail to fuse

A

a cleft chin will result

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23
Q

what fuses to separate the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

A

the secondary palate

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24
Q

if the intermaxillary prominence does not fuse with maxillary swelling what do you get

A

cleft lip or palate

25
Q

what is the landmark between the primary and secondary palates
-what does it determine

A

the incisive foramen

-determines anterior from posterior cleft deformities

26
Q

what is the secondary palate formed by

A

lateral palatine processes or palatine shelves on inner aspect of maxillary swellings

27
Q

nasal septum develops between 2 ___ ___ and descends from the ___ ___ and merges with ___ ___

A

nasal sacs
frontal prominence
palatine shelves

28
Q

how is an anterior cleft deformity happen

A

failure of the medial nasal and maxillary swellings to fuse

29
Q

how does posterior cleft deformity happen

A

palatine shelves do not fuse

30
Q

bilateral cleft lip

A

failure of medial nasal processes to fuse with the maxillary swellings

31
Q

macrostomia and microstomia

A

dysfusion of maxillary and mandibular swellings

32
Q

median cleft lip and bifid nose

A

failure of medial nasal prominences to fuse

33
Q

what is exposed in an oblique facial cleft

A

nasolacrimal duct

34
Q

the branchial arches are under the induction of what

A

migratory neural crest cells

35
Q

skeletal strcuture associated with branchial arch I

A

incus, malleues

36
Q

branchial groove associated with branchial arch I

A

tympanic membrane

external auditory meatus

37
Q

muscle with arch III

A

stylopharyngeus

38
Q

skeletal structure arch III

A

hyoid

39
Q

artery arch III

A

stem of internal carotids

40
Q

skeletal structure arch IV

A

laryngeal cartilages

41
Q

artery arch IV

A

left: aortic arch
right: subclavian vein

42
Q

first arch syndrome

A

treacher collins syndrome

  • imparied growth of midface
  • hearing loss in 40-50% of people
  • small chin, enlarged nose, cleft palate and possibly lip
43
Q

first branchial puch forms what eventually

A

eustachian tube and tympanic cavity

44
Q

second branchial pouch forms what

A

tongue (root)

45
Q

third branchial pouch forms what

A

tongue

46
Q

pouch 1 derivative

A

tubotympanic recess

47
Q

pouch 2 derivative

A

palatine tonsils

48
Q

pouch 3 derivatives

A

inferior parathyroids

thymus

49
Q

pouch 4 derivatives

A

superior parathyroids and ultimobranchial body

50
Q

what does the first cleft form

A

the external auditory meatus

51
Q

what happens to the rest of the clefts besdies the first

A

the second arch expands and fuses with the cardiac eminance to cover remaining clefts = transient cervical sinus

52
Q

abnormal cysts can be produced by ____ or ___

A

lateral cervical sinus or first pharyngeal cleft

  • isolated cervical cyst
  • cervical cyst with external fistula
  • cervical cyst with internal fistula
53
Q

sites for aural and cervical cysts and fistulae

A

aural cyst anterior to the ear

lateral cervical cyst located anterior to SCM

54
Q

what is the thyroglossal duct

A

connects the migrating thyroid to tongue at foramen cecum

-ductal remnants may persist and form cysts

55
Q

glandular part of thyroid that persists along midline

A

pyramidal lobe

56
Q

formation anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

lateral lingual swellings (arch 1) overgrow the median tuberculum impar, and fuse midline

57
Q

formation of posterior third of tongue

A

overgrowth of coula (median mass arch II) by hypobranchial eminence of 3rd arch

58
Q

what demarcates the anterior from posterior portions of the tongue

A

sulcus terminalis

Neuroscience I test 2 (8 decks)

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