Gustatory and Olfactory System Histology

Question 1

what part of the tongue has the lingual tonsils

Answer 1

posterior 1/3

Question 2

anterior 2/3 of tongue comes from what branchial arches

Answer 2

1 and 2

Question 3

posterior 1/3 of tongue comes from what arches?

Answer 3

3 and 4

Question 4

what kind of epithelium is the dorsal surface of the tongue

Answer 4

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, supported by a lamina propria

Question 5

intrinsic muscle bundles of tongue

Answer 5

superior longitudinal
inferior longitudinal
transversus linguae
verticalis linguae

Question 6

what glands extend across the lamina propria and muscle of tongue and open into the crypts and furrows of the ____ and ____

Answer 6

serous and mucous

lingual tonsils and circumvallate papillae

Question 7

lingual papillae

• location
• formed by what

Answer 7

dorsal surface of tongue

formed by highly vascular CT of stratified squamous epithelium

Question 8

4 types of lingual papillae

Answer 8

filiform
fungiform
circumvallate
foliate papillae

Question 9

which of the 4 types of lingual papillae do not have taste buds and location? and function

Answer 9

filiform papilla
anterior part of tongue
grab ahold of food

Question 10

geographic tongue

Answer 10

oral manifestation of psoriasis
-area of erythema with atrophy of filiform papillae of tongue so dead skin spots on tongue
surrounded by white hyperkeratottic border

Question 11

fungiform papilla cell type and location

Answer 11

nonkeratinized stratified squamos

5 taste buds along apical surface of tongue

Question 12

serous glands or ebner’s glands are associated with what papilla

Answer 12

foliate and circumvallate

Question 13

ebner’s glands secrete what

Answer 13

• lingual lipase, break down food

- VEGP, bind flavor chemicals and transport to taste receptors

Question 14

what kind of cells are foliate papillae

Answer 14

stratififed squamous epithelium

Question 15

parts of foliate papillae

Answer 15

lateral surface has taste buds

taste pores centrally

Question 16

location of circumvallate papillae

Answer 16

posterior part of tongue in front of the sulcus terminalis

-surrounded by a circular furrow or trench

Question 17

taste bud has 3 cell components

Answer 17

• taste receptor
• supporting cell
• precursor (basal cell)

Question 18

taste bud receptors found on the posterior pharynx and epiglottis are innervagted by what

Answer 18

vagus nerve

-last defense mechanism for bad tasting things you don’t want to eat so can spit out

Question 19

the basal portion of taste receptor makes contact with what

Answer 19

afferent nerve terminal derived from neuons in sensory ganglia of nerves VII, IX, X

Question 20

taste and G protein response

Answer 20

1) tastant diffuse through taste pore and interact with G protein linked taste receptors (TR1 and TR2)

2) GTP binds alpha subunit of G complex (gustducin)
3) a subunit-GTP complex opens and closes ion channels to hyperpolarize or depolarize cell
4) calcium comes in and causes NT release from taste cell
5) binds and activates afferent nerve terminal

Question 21

5 taste sensations

Answer 21

sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami

Question 22

facial nerve carries what taste sensations

Answer 22

all 5

Question 23

IX carries what taste sensations?

Answer 23

sweet and bitter

Question 24

where is sweet on tongue

Answer 24

tip of tongue

Question 25

where is salty on tongue

Answer 25

posterior and lateral to tip of tongue

Question 26

where is sour on tongue

Answer 26

anterior 2/3 of dorsum and along lateral margin

Question 27

where is bitter

Answer 27

posterior 1/3 of tongue

Question 28

individuals with the sensitive form of the ____ receptor are more sensitive to bitter taste

Answer 28

hTAS2R38

Question 29

umami linked to what

Answer 29

specialized receptor for L-glutamate and other aa's - signals presence of proteins - often added as flavor enhancer - can be used to promote food consumption in elderly and ill at risk for malnutrition

Question 30

taste buds on the palate register primarily

Answer 30

bitter and sour

Question 31

posterior pharynx and epiglottis register

Answer 31

all 5 tastes, mainly bitter and sour though

Question 32

what protein receptor responds to the flavor of fat

Answer 32

CD36

Question 33

sensory innervation to anterior 2/3 of tongue

Answer 33

lingual nerve (branch of V3)

Question 34

nasal cavity: epithelium lamina propria other cells

Answer 34

- pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells - lamina propria has serous and mucous glands to mositen inspired air and trap contaminants - other cells: mast and plasma cells (IgA,IgE,IgG) - lamina propria also contains extensive vascular plexus

Question 35

functions of the nasal mucosa

Answer 35

``` air hydration secretion of serous and mucous glands goblet cells moisten surface of nasal cavity add water vapor to inspired air -temperature regulation ```

Question 36

other function of nasal mucosa: conchae and cilia

Answer 36

conchae interrupt air flow and create turbulunce -matter thrown against conchae adhere to its moist surface and cilia can move it into nasopharynx to eventually get it out

Question 37

olfactory epithelium type and location

Answer 37

pseudostratified columnar epithelium | located to roof of nasal cavity, upper surface of superior conchae

Question 38

3 cell types of olfactory epithelium

Answer 38

olfactory cells, supporting (sustentacular cells) and basal cells

Question 39

proximal process of olfactory cell extends basally and forms bundles bundles of nerve fibers called

Answer 39

the fila olfactoria, sends olfactory neuron axons to olfactory bulb

Question 40

sustentacular cell function

Answer 40

provide physical support, nourishment and electrical insulation for the olfactory cells

Question 41

transmitting smell

Answer 41

1) odorant molecule gets stuck in mucous where olfactory cilia is, gets picked up and bound by cilia which has receptors for smell 2) when odorant molecule binds to receptor olfactory receptor cells activated and send electric signal to brain 3) signal to 1 of 3 glomeruli (receptor cells of same type are randomly distributed in nasal mucosa but converge on same glomerulus) 4) in glomerulus the receptor nerve endings excite mitral cells that forward signal to higher regions in brain

Question 42

kallman syndrome

Answer 42

anosmia: no sense of smell bc lack of mitral cells that receive input from olfactory neruons (olfactory bulb doesn't develop) small genitalia/sterility from lack of GnRH secreting neurons (originate in olfactory epithelium and migrate to brain)

Question 43

what is the defective gene in kallmans syndrome and what does it code for

Answer 43

KAL-1 codes for anosmin 1, cell adhesion protein