Thermoregulation

Question 1

What is the normal temp of the body?

Answer 1

-37 (98.6)

Question 2

What happens with increased temperature to the body?

Answer 2

• blood vessels dilate, giving flushed apperance

- sweat glands become more active

Question 3

What happens with decreased temperature in the body?

Answer 3

• blood vessels constrict, heat is trapped in deeper tissues
• sweat glands become less active
• skeletal muscles contract, causing shivering

Question 4

What is thermoregulation?

Answer 4

Process of maintaining the core body temperature at nearly constant value (balance heat loss and gain)

Question 5

What is hypothermia?

Answer 5

-temp below normal range (<36.2)

Question 6

What is hyperthermia?

Answer 6

Temp above normal range (>37.6)

Question 7

What is hyperpyrexia?

Answer 7

-extremely high body temp (41.5)

Question 8

What is fever?

Answer 8

-immune system response to pyrogens that trigger the hypothalamus in the brain to adjust heat production, heat conservation, heat loss mechanisms to maintain higher core temp, increased hypothalamic set point

Question 9

What are exogenous pyrogens?

Answer 9

-external origin, bacterial endotoxins, viruses, antigen antibody complex

Question 10

What are endogenous pyrogens?

Answer 10

-produced by phagocytic white blood cells as par to fate immune responses and include IL-1, TN, interferon

Question 11

What is normothermia?

Answer 11

State in which body temp is in normal range

Question 12

What is conduction?

Answer 12

-heat transferred by direct contact

Question 13

What is evaporation?

Answer 13

Sweating

Question 14

What is radiation?

Answer 14

-electromagnetic waves that emit heat from skin surfaces to the air

Question 15

What is vasodilation for?

Answer 15

Heat loss

Question 16

Who are at risk for hyperthermia?

Answer 16

-cardiovascular disease, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease (taking certain meds)

Question 17

What are mechanisms that can lead to hyperthermia?

Answer 17

-excessive heat production, inadequate ability to cool, or hypothalamus regulator dysfunction

Question 18

What are consequences for hyperthermia?

Answer 18

• cardiovascular disease, damage to nervous system
• excessive sweating paired with high body temp=sodium loss, dehydration
• lead to hypotension, tachycardia, decrease CO, reduced perfusion, coagulation

Question 19

What can lead to cerebral Edema, CNS degeneration and renal necrosis?

Answer 19

-high core temp, and reduced perfusion

Question 20

What are hyperthermia risk and prevention tips?

Answer 20

Keep out of sun, house cool, use shade, sunny=close blinds, open second story windows

• drink water, take cool shower, limit physical activity
• maintain the envrinment temp (24)
• replace electrolytes, salts, minerals

Question 21

What two ways can hypothermia be?

Answer 21

-accidental or therapeutic

Question 22

What is level of mild, moderate, severe hypothermia?

Answer 22

• 34-36 (93-96)
• 30-34 (86-93)
• <30 or <86

Question 23

What are physiological factors for hypothermia?

Answer 23

-excessive heat loss, insufficient production of heat, or dysfunction of hypothalamic regulatory mechanism

Question 24

What are some consequences of hypothermia?

Answer 24

• vasoconstriction (peripheral tissue ischemia)
• body temp decrease
• reduced perfusion

Question 25

What are some prevention tips for hypothermia?

Answer 25

-dry, warm clothes, warm drinks, exercise

Question 26

What happens to thermoregulation in older adults?

Answer 26

• slower circulation
• reduced functions of thermoregulatory capacity of skin
• reduced heat production
• decreased shivering
• reduced perception of environment temp

Question 27

What are individual risk factors of thermoregulation?

Answer 27

• impaired cognition
• underlying health conditions
• genetics
• recreational or occupation exposure

Question 28

What are examination finding of hyperthermia?

Answer 28

• flushed/warm skin
• sweating
• dry skin/mucous membrane
• decreased urinary output
• dehydration, seizures

Question 29

What are examination findings of hypothermia?

Answer 29

• skin to feel cold/slow capillary refill
• pale/cyanosis
• muscle ridgitiy, shivering
• no shivering at 30
• poor coordination/sluggish

Question 30

What are interventions for thermoregulation?

Answer 30

• environmental control and shelter
• appropriate clothing
• physical activity