Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

The Older Client > Elimination > Flashcards

Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

What is defecation?

A

Bowel movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is micturition?

A

Urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is continence?

A

Purposeful control of urinary or fecal elimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is elimination?

A

Removal, clearance of matter. Excretion of waste productions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is bowel elimination?

A

Passage of stool through the intestinal tract and dispelling the stool by mean of intestinal smooth muscle contraction (stool/feces)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is urinary elimination?

A

Passage of urine through the urinary tract by means of the urinary sphincter and urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Anuria?

A

Absence of urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is dysurisa?

A

Painful urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is polyuria?

A

-multiple episodes of urination, w/diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is urinary frequency?

A

Multiple episodes of urination with little urine produced in a short period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is urine hesitancy?

A

Urge to urinate exists but person has difficult starting urine stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the main functional unit of kidney?

A

Nephron (contain blood vessels/renal tubules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are characteristics of internal vs external sphincter?

A

INTERNAL: smooth muscle, involuntary, prevent leaking
EXTERNAL: skeletal muscle, voluntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens with increased peristalsis?

A

Less water absorbed, loose stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens with reduced peristalsis?

A

More absorption and harder stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What become weak in the elderly?

A

Muscles around the urethra, increase risk of incontinence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are age related changes in elderly when it comes to elimination?

A
  • decreased bladder capacity (400 -> 200-300)
  • decreased estrogen in post menopausal women
  • loss of smooth muscle in the bladder
  • relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles
  • Hypertrophy of the muscles in the urinary tract
  • less responsive to ADH and less able to concentrate urine
  • decreased time between urge to void and actual need
  • proliferation of the prostate tissue
  • diminished thirst perception
18
Q

What is incontinence and what is a risk factor?

A
  • loss of control of urine or bowel

- risk of skin breakdown, change in daily activities

19
Q

What is urinary incontinence?

A
  • distribution in the storage or emptying of the bladder with involuntary release of urine usually associated with dysfunction of the external or internal urinary sphincters
  • light leakage to full loss
20
Q

What factors can effect urine incontinence?

A

-depression, anxiety, cognitive impairments, acute injury, surgical procedures

21
Q

Define the following terms of urine incontinence:

Stress, overactive bladder, urge, functional, overflow, mixed, transient.

A

Stress: leakage during small amounts of physical movement
overactive bladder: frequent and urgent (pee a lot)
urge:leakage at unexpected times (sleep)
functional: untimely urination b/c of physically disability, obstacles
overflow: leakage from full bladder
mixed: occurrence of stress and urge incontinence together
transient: leakage that occurs temporarily (medication/cold)

22
Q

What is bowel incontinence?

A

Involuntary passage of stool and ranges from occasional leakage of stool while passing gas to complete loss of bowel control

23
Q

What is retention?

A

Unintentional with obstruction, inflammation, ineffective neuromuscular activation within bladder or GI tract

24
Q

What is urinary retention?

A

-incomplete emptying of bladder after urination

25
What can urinary retention be from?
- malfunction of NS interaction - change in shape of bladder - obstruction (prostate) - external sphincter does not relax - medication (antidepressants, Anticholinergics, antihistamines)
26
What is retention of stool?
- unable to pass stool | - result in constipation
27
What are types of discomfort from retention?
- UTI (burning while peeing) | - hard stool, inflammation of anus, hemorroids, infection, colitis, IBS
28
What is 1) nephritis, 2) pyelonephritis, 3) cystitis ?
Inflammation of 1) kidneys 2) renal pelvis 3) bladder
29
What can happen with tumours in prostate ?
-lead to blockage of urinary flow
30
What are consequences for incontinence?
- skin break down - decrease social life/ relationships, depression, with drawl - urinary retention: pain, infection, distension - renal failure: unable to remove waste - bowel retention: constipation, pain, loss appetite, nausea, vomiting
31
What are risk factors for urinary elimination?
- children, elderly, pregnant, menopausal - hyperplasia of prostate - pelvis floor muscles weaken - diuretics
32
What are risk factors for bowel elimination?
- medication (laxatives) - cognitive impairment - radiation - excessive caffeine - lack fibre - lack exercise
33
What to examination with incontinence?
Inspection: contour, distension, urinary meatus, pain when voiding, look at stool, urine sample Auscultation: listen to for bowel sounds Palpation: soft, non tender Percussion: identify masses or excessive gas, kidneys should be painless (sharp pain=infection)
34
What are some nursing interventions?
- lifestyle modifications - pelvic floor muscle exercises - toileting schedules - bladder training - vaginal weights - fibre and fluid monitoring - activity - regular bowel routine
35
What are some collaborative interventions?
- pharmacotherapy - incontinence management - invasive procedures and surgery
36
What are incontinence risk factors for older adults?
- age - altered mobility - neurologic impairment - cognitive impairment - medication conditions
37
What are types of laboratory tests?
-urinalysis, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, culture, occult blood
38
What are types of radio graphic tests and scans?
-X-rays, computed tomography, CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound
39
What are types of direct observation tests?
-colonoscopy, cystoscopy, uroscopy
40
What does CHAMMP stand for?
Continence, history, assessment, medications, mobility, plan
41
What is the gold standard for obtaining objective information about voiding patterns, frequency, severity?
Voiding diary - character of urine - difficulty starting/stopping - also ADLs (ability to reach toilet, finger dexterity)

The Older Client (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions