Thermodynamics Flashcards
Thermodynamics
Is a branch that deals with heat, work, and temperature and their relation to energy, radiation, and physical properties of matter (the faster the particles move the more heat is generated)
Thermodynamics 4 quantities
Temperature
Internal energy
Heat
Entropy
Branches of thermodynamics
Classical thermodynamics: the behavior monitor is analyzed with a microscopic approach. Units such as temperature and pressure are taken under consideration
Statistical thermodynamics: uses properties of individual molecules, such as bond length
Chemical thermodynamics: is the study of how work and heats relate to each other in chemical reactions and changes of states
Equilibrium thermodynamics: is the study of transformations of energy and matter, as they approach the state of equilibrium
Thermodynamic systems
A thermodynamics system is a specific portion of matter with definite boundary on which our attention is focused. There are three types of systems.
Isolated system: an isolated system, cannot exchange, energy and mass with its surrounding
Closed system: across the boundary of the closed system. The transfer of energy takes place, but the transfer of mass doesn’t take place
Open system: in an open system, the mass and energy both may be transferred between the system and surroundings
Thermodynamic processes
Adiabatic process: a process were no heat transfer into or out of the system process
Isochoric process: a process where no change in volume occurs in the system does not work
Isobaric process: a process in which no change in pressure occurs
Isothermal process: a process in which no change in temperature occurs
Types of equilibrium
Thermal equilibrium: when the temperature is the same throughout the entire system
Mechanical equilibrium: when there is no change in pressure at any point of the system
Chemical equilibrium: when the chemical composition of a system does not vary with time
Phase equilibrium: in a two phase system is when the mass of each phase reaches an equilibrium level
Thermodynamic properties
Intensive properties: properties that do not depend on the quantity of matter, pressure and temperature
Extensive properties: their value depends on the mass of the system, volume energy and enthalpy
Enthalpy
Enthalpy is the measurement of energy in the thermodynamics system
to calculate enthalpy (H) H=E+PV
Entropy
Entropy value depends on the physical state or condition of a system
Example the entropy of a solid, where the particles are not free to move, is less than the entropy of a gas where the particles will fill the container
Law of thermodynamics: Zeroth law
If two thermodynamics system are in thermal equilibrium with a third system separately then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other
First law of thermodynamics
Energy can neither be created or be destroyed it can only be transferred from one form to another
Second law of thermodynamics
The entropy of any isolated system always increases
Third law of thermodynamics
The entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero
