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BIOL241 > Thermodynamics > Flashcards

Thermodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

what system allows both energy and matter to be exachanged with the surroundings

A

open system

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2
Q

what system allows only energy to be exachanged with the surroundings

A

closed system

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3
Q

what system allows neither energy nor matter to be exachanged with the surroundings

A

isolated system

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4
Q

is glucose low entropy or high entropy and why?

A

low entropy because of the precise way of bonding

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5
Q

What is the measure of the spread of energy and matter

A

Entropy

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6
Q

what is the amount of heat in a system

A

enthalpy

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7
Q

is a process spontaneous or non spontaneous if there is an input of energy

A

non spontaneous

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8
Q

is a process spontaneous or non spontaneous if there is no input of energy

A

spontaneous

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9
Q

system takes heat from surroundings

A

endothermic

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10
Q

ΔH positive

A

endothermic

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11
Q

release of heat to surroundings

A

exothermic

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12
Q

ΔH is negative

A

exothermic

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13
Q

do spontaneous processes prefer to tend to be exothermic or endothermic

A

exothermic

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14
Q

is greater entropy spontaneous or non spontaneous

A

spontaneous

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15
Q

free energy of product < free energy of reactant

A

spontanous and ΔG is negative

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16
Q

free energy of product > free energy of reactant

A

ΔG is positive and non spontaneous

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17
Q

free energy of reactant > free energy of product

A

ΔG is negative and spontaneous

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18
Q

free energy of reactant < free energy of product

A

non spontanous and ΔG is positive

19
Q

spontanous process in terms of free energy

A

exergonic

20
Q

what type of free energy process is when free energy of reactant > free energy of product? exergonic or endergonic

A

exergonic ΔG is negative

21
Q

what type of process is when free energy of product > free energy of reactants? exergonic or endergonic

A

endergonic ΔG

22
Q

what type of free energy process is non spontaneous

A

endergonic

23
Q

what do you call the amount of energy to start a reaction

A

activation energy

24
Q

when can an endothermic reaction be exergonic

A

when ΔS (enthalpy) is too big such as when ice melts

25
Q

what do you call the state when the no. of reactant molecules to product = no. of molecules being converted back to reactants?

A

equilibrium

26
Q

what happened when there is equilibrium

A

no more overall change in concentration of products and gradients

27
Q

why is life able to have increasing entropy?

A

because it is an open system

28
Q

why do we need to constantly eat?

A

because entropy is constantly increasing which breaks down cellular components

29
Q

what kind of system is earth?

A

closed

30
Q

what is a metabolic pathway?

A

a metabolic pathway is a series of individual reactions that make up metabolism that occur one reaction at a time

31
Q

what is a catabolic pathway

A

a series of chemical reactions to break doen complex molecules into smaller and less complex ones

32
Q

what type of metabolic pathway is cellular respiration

A

catabolic pathway

33
Q

what is an anabolic pathway

A

a pathway that converst smaller simple molecules to latger complex ones

34
Q

how many carbons does ATP have?

A

5 carbons

35
Q

how many phosphate groups does ATP have

A

3 phosphate groups

36
Q

what is ATP made of?

A

5 carbon sugar (ribose), 3 phosphate groups, and a nitrogenous base

37
Q

how does ATP release energy

A

ATP releases energy when the terminal phosphate group is broken because there is a greater energy released when ADP and Pi are formed

38
Q

what mind of system are biological systems

A

open systems

39
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics

A

Energy is neither created nor destroyed

40
Q

what is the second law of thermodynamics

A

the total entropy of the system is always increasing

41
Q

when can the entropy of a system decrease

A

when the increase of entropy in the surroundings is greater

42
Q

do all cellular reactions have negative free energy change?

A

yes

43
Q

what is a metabolic pathway

A

a metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell

BIOL241 (6 decks)

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