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BIOL241 > Classification > Flashcards

Classification Flashcards

1
Q

What was used to classify organisms before molecular biology

A

morphology

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2
Q

What is the qualities of a genetic material that is used to classify all organisms

A
  1. it must be present in all organisms
  2. the gene has to be relatively long
  3. accumulates mutation slowly
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3
Q

one of the first researchers to build phylogenetic trees

A

Carl Woese

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4
Q

What cell component is common to all life and is used to molecularly categorize organisms

A

Ribosome

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5
Q

What translated the RNA protein

A

Ribosome

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6
Q

What is the ribosome built of

A

Ribosomal RNA

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7
Q

3 Domains of Life

A

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

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8
Q

Which domains of life have prokaryotic cell structures

A

Archae and Bacteria

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9
Q

What domain is fungi from

A

Eukarya

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10
Q

What domain are plants from

A

Eukarya

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11
Q

What domain consists of far less common organisms found in harsh environments

A

Archaea

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12
Q

80S ribosome

A

Eukarya

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13
Q

70s ribosome

A

Bacteria and Archaea

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14
Q

What domain has membrane-bound organelles?

A

Eukarya

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15
Q

What classifications have single called organisms

A

Bacteria and Archaea

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16
Q

What is the cell walls present in some Archaea organisms

A

Pseudo-peptidoglycan

17
Q

What cell walls are present in most bacteria

A

Peptidoglycan

18
Q

What cell walls do plants have

A

cellulose

19
Q

What cell wall for fungi have ?

A

Chitin

20
Q

How many times bigger is a Eukaryote cell

A

10x larger than prokaryotic cells

21
Q

What are the similarities of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

Both have DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytosol

22
Q

Do prokaryotes have a nucleus?

A

No

23
Q

What classification of organisms have a single circular piece of DNA?

A

Prokaryotic cells

24
Q

What classifications have no membrane bound organelles

A

Prokaryotes (Archaea and Bacteria)

25
Q

What genes suggest that Archaeans and Eukaryotes are more closely related

A

Asgard genes

26
Q

Common set of features in all organisms

A
  1. Cells definitely by a membrane composed of a bilayer of lipid molecules
  2. A genetic system based on DNA
  3. A system of information transfer: DNA to RNA to Protein
  4. Ribosomes as th central feature of protein assembly
  5. Reliance on proteins as the major structural and catalytic molecule
  6. Use of ATP
  7. Common pathways of energy transformation
27
Q

Describe endosymbiosis

A

a prokaryotic cell engulfed aerobic bacteria which became mitochondria and then engulfed photosynthetic bacterua to become chloroplasts

28
Q

what are the evidences of endosymbiosis

A
  1. same size as modern prokaryotes
  2. eukaryotic cells have their own circular stranded double stranded DNA
  3. they divide by binary fission
  4. have bacterial like ribosomes
  5. many other (endo) symbiotic associations exist (crabs and anemones)
29
Q

carbon source: organic
energy source: organic

A

chemoorganoheterotroph

30
Q

carbon source: organic
energy source: inorganic

A

chemoorganoautotroph

31
Q

energy source: inorganic
carbon source: organic

A

chemolithoheterotroph

32
Q

energy source: inorganic
carbon source: inorganic

A

chemolithoautotroph

33
Q

energy source: light
carbon source: organic

A

photoheterotroph

34
Q

energy source: light
carbon source: inorganic

A

photoautotroph

35
Q

is CO2 organic?

A

Inorganic

36
Q

what makes up organic molecules

A

C-H bonds

BIOL241 (6 decks)

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