Classification Flashcards
What was used to classify organisms before molecular biology
morphology
What is the qualities of a genetic material that is used to classify all organisms
- it must be present in all organisms
- the gene has to be relatively long
- accumulates mutation slowly
one of the first researchers to build phylogenetic trees
Carl Woese
What cell component is common to all life and is used to molecularly categorize organisms
Ribosome
What translated the RNA protein
Ribosome
What is the ribosome built of
Ribosomal RNA
3 Domains of Life
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Which domains of life have prokaryotic cell structures
Archae and Bacteria
What domain is fungi from
Eukarya
What domain are plants from
Eukarya
What domain consists of far less common organisms found in harsh environments
Archaea
80S ribosome
Eukarya
70s ribosome
Bacteria and Archaea
What domain has membrane-bound organelles?
Eukarya
What classifications have single called organisms
Bacteria and Archaea
What is the cell walls present in some Archaea organisms
Pseudo-peptidoglycan
What cell walls are present in most bacteria
Peptidoglycan
What cell walls do plants have
cellulose
What cell wall for fungi have ?
Chitin
How many times bigger is a Eukaryote cell
10x larger than prokaryotic cells
What are the similarities of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Both have DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytosol
Do prokaryotes have a nucleus?
No
What classification of organisms have a single circular piece of DNA?
Prokaryotic cells
What classifications have no membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotes (Archaea and Bacteria)
What genes suggest that Archaeans and Eukaryotes are more closely related
Asgard genes
Common set of features in all organisms
- Cells definitely by a membrane composed of a bilayer of lipid molecules
- A genetic system based on DNA
- A system of information transfer: DNA to RNA to Protein
- Ribosomes as th central feature of protein assembly
- Reliance on proteins as the major structural and catalytic molecule
- Use of ATP
- Common pathways of energy transformation
Describe endosymbiosis
a prokaryotic cell engulfed aerobic bacteria which became mitochondria and then engulfed photosynthetic bacterua to become chloroplasts
what are the evidences of endosymbiosis
- same size as modern prokaryotes
- eukaryotic cells have their own circular stranded double stranded DNA
- they divide by binary fission
- have bacterial like ribosomes
- many other (endo) symbiotic associations exist (crabs and anemones)
carbon source: organic
energy source: organic
chemoorganoheterotroph
carbon source: organic
energy source: inorganic
chemoorganoautotroph
energy source: inorganic
carbon source: organic
chemolithoheterotroph
energy source: inorganic
carbon source: inorganic
chemolithoautotroph
energy source: light
carbon source: organic
photoheterotroph
energy source: light
carbon source: inorganic
photoautotroph
is CO2 organic?
Inorganic
what makes up organic molecules
C-H bonds
