Thermodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Closed system

A

A system with constant mass

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2
Q

Open system

A

A system with variable mass

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3
Q

Reversible process

A

Force can be applied in the opposite direction such that the system and surroundings can be restored to their initial equilibrium state

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4
Q

Intensive properties

A

Independent of mass (ex pressure and temperature)

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5
Q

Extensive properties

A

Dependent on mass (volume, internal energy, enthalpy)

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6
Q

Potential energy

A

Energy due to a object’s position in a gravitational field

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7
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy associated with motion

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8
Q

Internal energy (U)

A

Energy due to the position and movement of a system’s molecules

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9
Q

Heat energy (Q)

A

Energy transferred across the boundary of a system due to temperature difference

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10
Q

Work (W)

A

Force x distance, a form of energy transfer

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11
Q

Enthalpy (H)

A

Total heat content of a system, U + PV

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12
Q

First Law of Thermodynamics

A

Conservation of energy- energy can neither be created nor destroyed

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13
Q

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A

The entropy of a system always increases

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14
Q

Third Law of Thermodynamics

A

The entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero

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15
Q

Carnot cycle

A

A theoretical ideal cycle in which the max amount of heat is converted to work, but some energy is still lost

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16
Q

When processes are reversible and adiabatic…

A

… entropy remains constant

17
Q

When heat is added, entropy…

A

…increases

18
Q

Isentropic

A

Reversible and adiabatic

19
Q

Ideal gas law

A

intramolecular forces are negligible because volume occupied by a gas is so large

20
Q

Actual gases obey the ideal gas law when…

A

… pressure is low and temperatures is high

21
Q

Conduction

A

transfer of heat by direct contact

22
Q

Convection

A

transfer of heat through movement of fluids

23
Q

Radiation

A

energy is emitted in the form of photons or electromagnetic waves