Fluid Mechanics Flashcards
Liquids are considered…
… incompressible
Gases are considered…
… compressible
Viscosity
a measure of resistance to flow
Dynamic (absolute) viscosity
ratio of shearing stress to rate of shearing strain
Newtonian fluids
rate of shearing strain is constant for a given temperature
The viscosity of most liquids decreases significantly with…
… increase in temperature
The viscosity of most gases increases mildly with…
… an increase in temperature
Fluid
a substance that will deform readily and continuously when subjected to shear force
Absolute pressure
measured from a vacuum
Gage pressure
uses atmospheric pressure as datum
Vacuum
negative gage pressure
In a capillary tube, a liquid will rise when…
… adhesive forces dominate
In a capillary tube, a liquid will fall when…
… cohesive forces dominate
The center of pressure is always…
… below the centroid except when the surface is horizontal
Buoyant force is equal to…
… the weight of the fluid displaced by the object
Inviscid
viscosity is assumed negligable
The sum of the hydraulic grade line and velocity head is the…
… energy grade line
Reynolds number (Re)
ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces in fluid flow
Moody diagrams are used to…
… determine the friction factor
Hazen-Williams equation
used to determine head loss in a system
For pipes in series…
… volumetric flow rates and head loss are equal
For pipes in parallel…
… total volumetric flow rate and head loss are additive
Pumps
add energy to liquid systems
Compressors
add energy to gases