Fluid Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Liquids are considered…

A

… incompressible

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2
Q

Gases are considered…

A

… compressible

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3
Q

Viscosity

A

a measure of resistance to flow

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4
Q

Dynamic (absolute) viscosity

A

ratio of shearing stress to rate of shearing strain

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5
Q

Newtonian fluids

A

rate of shearing strain is constant for a given temperature

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6
Q

The viscosity of most liquids decreases significantly with…

A

… increase in temperature

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7
Q

The viscosity of most gases increases mildly with…

A

… an increase in temperature

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8
Q

Fluid

A

a substance that will deform readily and continuously when subjected to shear force

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9
Q

Absolute pressure

A

measured from a vacuum

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10
Q

Gage pressure

A

uses atmospheric pressure as datum

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11
Q

Vacuum

A

negative gage pressure

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12
Q

In a capillary tube, a liquid will rise when…

A

… adhesive forces dominate

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13
Q

In a capillary tube, a liquid will fall when…

A

… cohesive forces dominate

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14
Q

The center of pressure is always…

A

… below the centroid except when the surface is horizontal

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15
Q

Buoyant force is equal to…

A

… the weight of the fluid displaced by the object

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16
Q

Inviscid

A

viscosity is assumed negligable

17
Q

The sum of the hydraulic grade line and velocity head is the…

A

… energy grade line

18
Q

Reynolds number (Re)

A

ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces in fluid flow

19
Q

Moody diagrams are used to…

A

… determine the friction factor

20
Q

Hazen-Williams equation

A

used to determine head loss in a system

21
Q

For pipes in series…

A

… volumetric flow rates and head loss are equal

22
Q

For pipes in parallel…

A

… total volumetric flow rate and head loss are additive

23
Q

Pumps

A

add energy to liquid systems

24
Q

Compressors

A

add energy to gases

25
Dynamic pump
energy is added by a set of blades (impellers, vanes) that are attached to a rotating shaft turned by a motor
26
Centrifugal pump
impeller attached to a rotating shaft with fixed housing
27
Pump efficiency
ratio of power gained by fluid to shaft power delivered to pump
28
Pumps in a parallel configuration have...
... equivalent head delivered, but total volumetric flow rate is calculated as the sum of the individual flow rate delivered by each pump
29
Cavitation
system pressure is less than or equal to the vapor pressure of the liquid, causing the liquid to form small bubbles of vapor which reduce pump efficiency
30
Impulse turbine
low-discharge, high-head devices in which high-speed jets of water impact bucket-shaped vanes to rotate turbine
31
Froude number (Fr)
ratio of inertial forces to gravitational forces
32
Critical flow occurs when...
... Fr = 1
33
Hydraulic jump
occurs when flow transitions from supercritical to subcritical flow (often seen under sluice gates)
34
Mannings equation
expresses stream velocity during uniform flow
35
Weirs are used to...
... determine flow rate in open channels
36
Darcy-Weisbach
Used to calculate head loss due to friction