Thermo set 2 (2)

Question 1

What does ΔG depend on?

Answer 1

-some concentration independent terms
-some concentration dependent terms

Question 2

At equilibrium, what does it mean if ΔG = 0?

Answer 2

-rate of reactions are equal
-reaction is still occuring

Question 3

What is the standard state?

Answer 3

-ΔG^0
-concentrations are all 1M

Question 4

What is the biochemist’s standard state?

Answer 4

-ΔG^0’
-concentrations are all 1M

Question 5

When is ΔG more negative?

Answer 5

-mass action ratio < K
-mass action ratio/K < 1

Question 6

When is ΔG more positive?

Answer 6

-mass action ratio > K
-mass action ratio/K > 1

Question 7

How do you generate a membrane potential?

Answer 7

-equal concs of ions on either side of the membrane
-add a pump
-pump some proteins + end up with slight excess of H+ on 1 side

Question 8

What does ΔPE depend on?

Answer 8

The charge of the object that moves

Question 9

What is potential difference (PD)?

Answer 9

Change in energy per unit time

Question 10

How do you calculate energy change?

Answer 10

Charge on the object x PD

Question 11

What are 2 ways to calculate joules?

Answer 11

-coulombs x JC-1
-coulombs x volts

Question 12

For H+ across the membrane, how do you calculate ΔG?

Answer 12

ΔG = e x ΔΨ
-e = charge on an electron
-ΔΨ = membrane potential

Question 13

How do you calculate ΔG per mole of H+?

Answer 13

ΔG = NA x e x ΔΨ (= F x ΔΨ)
-NA = Avogadro’s constant

Question 14

How do you calculate energy?

Answer 14

Energy = NA x e x volts