Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Exercise Physiology > Thermal Conditions Test #3 > Flashcards

Thermal Conditions Test #3 Flashcards

1
Q

in order to maintain a constant core temperature, what must happen?

A

heat loss must equal heat gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

thermal gradient is present where?

A

from body core to skin surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The efficiency of the human body to perform physical work

A

around 15-30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the efficiency of the human body to perform work at rest

A

around 34%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how much remaining energy is converted to heat

A

70-85%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

typical resting core temperature?

A

37 degrees C
or 98.6 degrees F
this can vary within individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

humans either _____ or ______ heat depending on how close core temperature is to your typical resting level

A

they either retain or dissipate heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the hypothalamus is what kind or organ?

A

neuro endocrine organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the hypothalamus responsible for?

A

maintaining core temperature as close to 37 degrees C as possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the hypothalamus has many functions but ____ is especially important

A

temperature control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

temperature regulation centers function as what

A

bi-directional thermostat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

temp. regulation centers situated (built upon) what?

A

1- anterior aspect of the hypothalamus for hyperthermia

2-posterior aspect of the hypothalamus for hypothermia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when body temperature rises well above normal

A

hyperthermia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

when body temperature is dangerously below normal

A

hypothermia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Other functions of the hypothalamus:

A
  • water balance
  • sugar and fat catabolism
  • satiety (hunger) center
  • controls other endocrine glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When core temp. _____ is interrupted, temp. centers within the _____ activate several _____ that attempt to return core temp. to normal

A

homeostasis
hypothalamus
mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when core temperature is too low, core temp is increased by:

A
  • heat conservation

- increased heat production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

heat conservation is initiated via:

A
  • decreased sweat rate

- dermal vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

a decreased blood flow to extremities and skin

A

dermal vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

increased heat production is initiated via:

A
  • shivering-sns increases catabolic rate 2-4x more than resting
  • hypothalamus may trigger the thyroid gland to release thyroxin, which also increases catabolic rate
  • hypothalamus may trigger adrenal medulla to release catecholamine’s, which also increase catabolic rate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

catecholamine’s are also known as

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

when core temp. is too high, core temp. is decreased via:

A
  • heat dissipation

- decreased heat production (possible at resting state)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

heat dissipation initiation via 2 precursors:

A

1- increased sweat rate

2- dermal vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

increased blood flow to extremities and skin surface

A

dermal vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

subsequent to dermal vasodilation, what can happen?

A
  • conduction
  • convection
  • radiation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the transfer of heat energy via direct contact from hotter to cooler surface

A
  • conduction
  • involves temp. gradient
  • absorption vs. dissipation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

after(subsequent) the transfer of heat to a gas or liquid, the heated substance will rise

A
  • convection
  • temp. gradient
  • gas vs. liquid
  • absorption vs. dissipation
28
Q

transfer of heat via electromagnetic waves

A
  • radiation
  • requires temp. gradient
  • absorption vs. dissipation
29
Q

After increased sweat rate, what can happen?

A

evaporation

30
Q

each gram of water dissipates around .58kcal of heat energy

A

-evaporation

31
Q

1g H2O= .58kcal heat energy

A
  • energy or vaporation

- heat of vaporation

32
Q

Do dermal vasodilatation and perspiration dissipate heat?

A

NO! However, one or both are necessary precursors for heat loss

33
Q

Consider these for temp. regulators:

A
  1. artificial environment (clothing, room, chamber)
  2. effects of ethyl alcohol (dermal vasodilation, diuretic, depressant)
  3. Hot vs. Cold considerations
34
Q

Decreased heat production initiated by:

A
  1. decrease metabolic rate (slowing down or ceasing of come physiological functions)
    * a person would obviously have to stop exercising in this case
35
Q

Do anatomic and/or physiologic difference exist between males and females?

A

yes, but the mechanisms associated with the different reactions to hot/humid conditions are not completely understood

36
Q

who has more sweat glands?

A

females, they sweat less bc is it likely a result of gender differences in selected hormone levels

37
Q

who has more body fat/ how much?

A

females, 10%-much in the subcutaneous layer.

38
Q

Fat serves as a what

A

insulator

39
Q

Greater amounts of subcutaneous fat will result in what?

A

less angular surface area, so less surface area/ unit of body mass exist

40
Q

Who has lower maximal O2 uptake?

A

-females- have lower VO2Max when expressed in absolute or relative terms

41
Q

the lower the VO2 max…..

A

the lower the efficiency of heat-dissipation mechanisms

42
Q

females typically respond to elevated core temps with _____ vasodilation than do males

A

greater

43
Q

men rely on _____ to dissipate heat, greater than women; women rely on _______ to dissipate heat more than men

A
  • evaporation- men

- conduction, convection, radiation-women

44
Q

Well-conditioned individuals will be at least partially heat acclimated & so will sweat sooner in response to high core temps. as well as sweat more at any point in time: T or F?

A

True

45
Q

Do conditioning levels contribute to a person’s ability to respond to heat stress?

A

yes

46
Q

dermal vasodilation proportionately lowers the quantity of _____ available to skeletal muscles during ______

A

blood, exercise

47
Q

the elevated sweat rate in males reduces ___________, resulting in a lower quantity of blood unless _________

A
  • overall blood volume

- fluids are restored in a timely manner

48
Q

each sex may have an advantage to dissipate heat when?

A

under certain specific environmental conditions (especially when VO2max levels are matched)

49
Q

_____ tend to have an advantage in hot, dry ambient conditions

A

males

50
Q

_______ tend to have an advantage in warm, humid ambient conditions

A

females

51
Q

dehydration is also known as

A

hypo hydration

52
Q

dehydration (hypohydration) occurs because of what??

A

an excessive loss in body fluids via: sweat, respiration, blood loss, urinary or GI execretion

53
Q

dehydration (hypohydration) results in what?

A

an increase in plasma protein and electrolyte concentrations due to a substantial loss of plasma water

54
Q

a ______ in total blood volume results in a decrease stroke volume

A

decrease

55
Q

in order to maintain Q during SUBMAXIMAL exercise, HR must ______ when compared to a euhydrated state

A

increase

56
Q

euhydration

A

normal state of body water content

57
Q

dehydration will also result in a ______ maximal cardiac output

A

decreased

58
Q

> > Q= HR x SV

A

decreased cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume

this is a result of dehydration

59
Q

a _____ in total blood volume will result in decreased peripheral blood flow.

this _____ the potential for heat dissipation via ____, ______, _____.

this also results in an ______ core temp.

A

decrease

decreases or reduces

convection, conduction, radiation

elevated

60
Q

a 5% _____ in body weight via dehydration reduces what?

A

decrease

physical work capacity and local muscular endurance

61
Q

except in extreme cases, strength is minimally affected by what?

A

dehydration

62
Q

thirst is usually an _____ indicator of fluid needs and generally does not keep up with water deficits during exercise

A

inadequate

63
Q

for every 1 lb of body weight from fluid losses around ____

A

1 pint of water

64
Q

performance of activities greatly involving the CR system will be compromised when ambient conditions are ____ or _____, especially is large heat acclimatization is lacking

A

hot or humid

65
Q

heat acclimatization is characterized by individuals:

A
  • sweating a lower core temps
  • sweating more at elevated core temps
  • hypotonic sweat
66
Q

a heat acclimated person will:

A
  • store less heat during the initial phases of exercise

- will reach a lower thermal steady state

Exercise Physiology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions