Therapies- Chapter 15 Flashcards
Manifest and latent content
Manifest- storyline
Latent- underlying
Using psychoanalytic therapists would interpret and listen. Look at the true problem and what’s near the surface
Psychoanalytical or psychoanalysis
Freud. Earthing unconscious traumas causing them to experience anxiety etc. evacuate the past in hole of loosening its bonds on the present.
free association- reclines on couch facing away talking. Important themes picked up. Achieve insight on their own.
Dream interpretation- uncover unconscious impulses fantasies in dreams.
19% of therapists are psychodynamic success with depression and anxiety
Resistance
Sensor themselves. Stop when a sensitive topic arises close to real unconscious
Transference
Transfers feelings onto therapist
Behavioral
We learn our behaviors and we can unlearn them. Doubt healing power of self awareness. Ex- phobias.
Uses classical conditioning ( unlearn association ) and exposure therapies as well as operant conditioning( token economy)
Success with phobias marital problems and bed wetting.
Exposure and response prevention
Expose stimulus to patient. Don’t let them do normal response
Ex- ocd patient cleans garbage can but don’t let them wash there hands
Flooding
Emerge person directly into event that causes them to have the problem/ anxiety
Ex- fear of rats-> room with nice rats
Graded flooding
Gradually increase. More gentle then flooding
Systematic desensitization
Exposure therapy
Create stimulus hierarchy. Work way up
Phobias and anxiety
Aversion therapy
Associate aversion with an undesired response
Ex- antabuse makes people ill when drinking alcohol. They’ll eventually relate alcohol and being sick
Other examples including nail biting and a bad tasting nail polish
Anti anxiety drugs
Decrease anxiety in ocd and ptsd
Ex- Valium, Xanax
Increase in GABA
Anti depressants
Elevate mood
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors inhibit enzyme that breaks down
Nardil, parnate. Increase in NE and serotonin
SSRI-Prozac Zoloft, selectively block reuptake of serotonin. Increase in blood pressure insomnia and sweating.
Antipsychotic
Lost touch, delusion thoughts.
Bipolar, schizophrenia, hearing things
1st generation- Thorazine, decrease dopamine ,tArdive dyskinesia- facial grimaces. Muscle twitch tongue out, permanent.
2nd gen- phenothiazine. Target dopamine receptors which reduces some of the nastier side effects like the facial grimaces
Mood stabilizers
Bipolar patients.
Often take lithium (salt) 7-8/10 with bipolar have it
Problem with ion transfer, neuron stimulated ions flowing in or out, in bipolar manic state its happenings too much. Lithium helps balance
Psychostimulants
Ridalin
Increase in NE and dopamine. Often used for people with ADD
Brain stimulation ECT
ECT- electrodes applied to forehead,60-140 volts brain has seizure neurotransmitter released. 6-12 treatments used in ocd schizophrenia and depression.
Reduces suicidal thoughts
May relapse into depression within six months
Psychosurgery
Last resort. Surgery that either remove or destroy brain tissue.
Dr freeman- labotomy, sharp knife in eye severe axons disconnection between thinking and feelings. Severe corpus callosum
Produces Immature uncreative personality
Humanistic therapy
Emphasized potential for self fulfillment. Promoting growth and immediate responsibility for ones feelings and actions. Conscious thoughts are more important. Increase self actualization and positive self regard
Client centered therapy
Developed by Carl Rogers the therapist uses active listening with a genuine accepting empathetic environment to facilitate clients growth.
Type of humanistic therapy.
Virtual reality exposure therapy
Used by behavioral therapists
Progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears like flying.
Cognitive therapy
Therapy that teaches people new more adaptive ways of thinking based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions. Change the way we think
Promote healthier thinking and self talk
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy( changing self defeating thinking) with behavior therapy ( changing behavior) and social interactions
Success with ptsd and anxiety
Group therapy
Conducted in larger groups rather than individually.
Enables people to share problems and provide feedback
Evidence base practice
Clinical decision making depends on
Patients values preferences and characteristics
Clinical expertise
And best research evidence
How do psychotherapies help people
May improve morale and reduce symptoms
Creates empathetic trusting caring relationship.
Certain cultures may have an influence on how the patient speaks to them
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
Repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain to stimulate activity. Stimulates left frontal lobe
May be left with headaches
Deep brain stimulation
Administered by a pace maker that controls implanted electrodes. Inhibits activity in a brain area that feeds negative emotions and thinking.
Vagus nerve stimulation
Stimulated a nerve deep in the neck via an electrical decide implanted in the chest. Periodically sends signals to the brains mood related Limbic system
Therapeutic lifestyle changes
Aerobic exercise Adequate sleep Light exposure Social connection Nutritional supplements
Becks cognitive 3 step theory
Helps with depression
1) therapist identified is the negative beliefs influencing the patient
2) patients thoughts challenged
3) patient encouraged to replace negative thought with accurate one
Ex- I am not perfect but others are not either
Mindfulness based cognitive therapy
Combines cognitive with meditative practices. Being in the present moment intentionally and non judge mentally.
Ex- do Nothing for 5 minutes a day.
Helps with social anxiety and panic disorders
