Therapies- Chapter 15

Question 0

Manifest and latent content

Answer 0

Manifest- storyline
Latent- underlying
Using psychoanalytic therapists would interpret and listen. Look at the true problem and what’s near the surface

Question 1

Psychoanalytical or psychoanalysis

Answer 1

Freud. Earthing unconscious traumas causing them to experience anxiety etc. evacuate the past in hole of loosening its bonds on the present.
free association- reclines on couch facing away talking. Important themes picked up. Achieve insight on their own.
Dream interpretation- uncover unconscious impulses fantasies in dreams.
19% of therapists are psychodynamic success with depression and anxiety

Question 2

Resistance

Answer 2

Sensor themselves. Stop when a sensitive topic arises close to real unconscious

Question 3

Transference

Answer 3

Transfers feelings onto therapist

Question 4

Behavioral

Answer 4

We learn our behaviors and we can unlearn them. Doubt healing power of self awareness. Ex- phobias.
Uses classical conditioning ( unlearn association ) and exposure therapies as well as operant conditioning( token economy)
Success with phobias marital problems and bed wetting.

Question 5

Exposure and response prevention

Answer 5

Expose stimulus to patient. Don’t let them do normal response
Ex- ocd patient cleans garbage can but don’t let them wash there hands

Question 6

Flooding

Answer 6

Emerge person directly into event that causes them to have the problem/ anxiety
Ex- fear of rats-> room with nice rats

Question 7

Graded flooding

Answer 7

Gradually increase. More gentle then flooding

Question 8

Systematic desensitization

Answer 8

Exposure therapy
Create stimulus hierarchy. Work way up
Phobias and anxiety

Question 9

Aversion therapy

Answer 9

Associate aversion with an undesired response
Ex- antabuse makes people ill when drinking alcohol. They’ll eventually relate alcohol and being sick
Other examples including nail biting and a bad tasting nail polish

Question 10

Anti anxiety drugs

Answer 10

Decrease anxiety in ocd and ptsd
Ex- Valium, Xanax
Increase in GABA

Question 11

Anti depressants

Answer 11

Elevate mood
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors inhibit enzyme that breaks down
Nardil, parnate. Increase in NE and serotonin
SSRI-Prozac Zoloft, selectively block reuptake of serotonin. Increase in blood pressure insomnia and sweating.

Question 12

Antipsychotic

Answer 12

Lost touch, delusion thoughts.
Bipolar, schizophrenia, hearing things
1st generation- Thorazine, decrease dopamine ,tArdive dyskinesia- facial grimaces. Muscle twitch tongue out, permanent.
2nd gen- phenothiazine. Target dopamine receptors which reduces some of the nastier side effects like the facial grimaces

Question 13

Mood stabilizers

Answer 13

Bipolar patients.
Often take lithium (salt) 7-8/10 with bipolar have it
Problem with ion transfer, neuron stimulated ions flowing in or out, in bipolar manic state its happenings too much. Lithium helps balance

Question 14

Psychostimulants

Answer 14

Ridalin

Increase in NE and dopamine. Often used for people with ADD

Question 15

Brain stimulation ECT

Answer 15

ECT- electrodes applied to forehead,60-140 volts brain has seizure neurotransmitter released. 6-12 treatments used in ocd schizophrenia and depression.
Reduces suicidal thoughts
May relapse into depression within six months

Question 16

Psychosurgery

Answer 16

Last resort. Surgery that either remove or destroy brain tissue.
Dr freeman- labotomy, sharp knife in eye severe axons disconnection between thinking and feelings. Severe corpus callosum
Produces Immature uncreative personality

Question 17

Humanistic therapy

Answer 17

Emphasized potential for self fulfillment. Promoting growth and immediate responsibility for ones feelings and actions. Conscious thoughts are more important. Increase self actualization and positive self regard

Question 18

Client centered therapy

Answer 18

Developed by Carl Rogers the therapist uses active listening with a genuine accepting empathetic environment to facilitate clients growth.
Type of humanistic therapy.

Question 19

Virtual reality exposure therapy

Answer 19

Used by behavioral therapists

Progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears like flying.

Question 20

Cognitive therapy

Answer 20

Therapy that teaches people new more adaptive ways of thinking based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions. Change the way we think
Promote healthier thinking and self talk

Question 21

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Answer 21

Popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy( changing self defeating thinking) with behavior therapy ( changing behavior) and social interactions
Success with ptsd and anxiety

Question 22

Group therapy

Answer 22

Conducted in larger groups rather than individually.

Enables people to share problems and provide feedback

Question 23

Evidence base practice

Answer 23

Clinical decision making depends on
Patients values preferences and characteristics
Clinical expertise
And best research evidence

Question 24

How do psychotherapies help people

Answer 24

May improve morale and reduce symptoms
Creates empathetic trusting caring relationship.
Certain cultures may have an influence on how the patient speaks to them

Question 25

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Answer 25

Repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain to stimulate activity. Stimulates left frontal lobe
May be left with headaches

Question 26

Deep brain stimulation

Answer 26

Administered by a pace maker that controls implanted electrodes. Inhibits activity in a brain area that feeds negative emotions and thinking.

Question 27

Vagus nerve stimulation

Answer 27

Stimulated a nerve deep in the neck via an electrical decide implanted in the chest. Periodically sends signals to the brains mood related Limbic system

Question 28

Therapeutic lifestyle changes

Answer 28

Aerobic exercise 
Adequate sleep 
Light exposure 
Social connection 
Nutritional supplements

Question 29

Becks cognitive 3 step theory

Answer 29

Helps with depression
1) therapist identified is the negative beliefs influencing the patient
2) patients thoughts challenged
3) patient encouraged to replace negative thought with accurate one
Ex- I am not perfect but others are not either

Question 30

Mindfulness based cognitive therapy

Answer 30

Combines cognitive with meditative practices. Being in the present moment intentionally and non judge mentally.
Ex- do Nothing for 5 minutes a day.
Helps with social anxiety and panic disorders