Chapter 12- Personality Flashcards
Personality traits you can inherit
Anxiety proneness, alienation, shyness, addictive personality, impulse control, leadership, vulnerability to stress, aggression
Personality
Distinctive, enduring, consistent, predictable ways that a person thinks behaves and feels.
___ shapes behavior not_____
Environment shapes behavior not personality
Psychodynamic
Function of ego, superego, and id. Ongoing interplay between the three. Always tension
Dynamic interest between the conscious and unconscious mind.
Id
Unconscious,wild, crazy, wants/needs. Sexual and aggressive. Irrational Unconscious energy( completely underwater part of the ice burg)
Ego
Mostly conscious, half unconscious, ego mediate between id and superego. Delays gratification
Gratify ids impulses in realistic ways that will bring long term pleasurej
Superego
Conscience, morals, standards, right and wrong, instill morals and values. Strict
How we ought to behave
Internalized ideas
Repression
Keep sexual/aggressive impulses in unconscious realm. Ex: sexually assaulted.
Can come out in dreams or slips of the tongue
Denial
Refuse to accept reality. Act as if painful event never happened
Ex- denies evidence of lovers affair
Displacement
Place your thoughts and feelings into safer target. Redirect
Ex- punch wall, yell at friend
Intellectualization
Avoid unacceptable impulse/ emotions by focusing on intellectual aspects
Ex- repeat stats if you fail test
Projection
Accuse someone else of feeling the way you do
Ex- angry at boss. Say boss is angry at you
Rationalization
Supply false/ rational reason for your behavior
Ex- unfair test that’s why I failed
Reaction formation
Convert unacceptable impulses into their opposites
Ex- dislike someone
Overly friendly
Sublimation
Act out unacceptable impulses in socially acceptable way
Ex- sports
Regression
Revert to immature behavior when you had less responsibilities
Ex- bed wetting, nail biting
Behavior perspective
Learn our personalities because we were punished/rewarded
Social learning perspective
Thinking piece
Introverted person spends more time alone
Think and perceive the world and environment different. Behavior in a situation best predicts by considering past behaviors in similar situations
External and internal locus of control
No control over life or environment. Learned helplessness
Ex- passenger
Interal- driver
Humanistic perspective
Rogers, Maslow
Core of personality is most important to determine behavior
Self develops with positive self regard. Unconditional love regard
Accept others and themselves. Deep appreciation. Healthy personal growth
Trait theory
Try to reduce the 17,000 words for personality to 3-5
CertIn stable and enduring characteristics influenced by genetic predispositions
Five factor personality test
(OCEAN)
Fits someone on the spectrum
Openness- open minded, imaginative/ narrow, conforming
Conscientiousness- responsible, disciplined/ unreliable and impulsive
Extraversion- extroverted sociable/ reserved and reclusive
Agreeableness- gentle easygoing/ argumentative and stubborn
Neuroticism- emotionally stable and calm/ anxious all over emotion
Psychoanalysis
Freuds theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. Expose unconscious tensions
Unconscious
Freud
Reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts wishes feelings and memories.
Other psychologists- information processing of which we are unaware
Psychosexual stages
Childhood stages of development according to Freud the ids pleasure seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones.
Freud’s psychosexual stages
Oral 0-18 months, pleasure centers on the mouth, sucking biting chewing
Anal 18-36 months- pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination, coping with demands of control
Phallic 3-6 years- pleasure zone is the genitals. Coping with incestuous sexual feelings
Latency 6 to puberty- phase of dominant sexual feelings
Genital puberty on- maturation of sexual interests
Identification
Process according to Freud children incorporate their parents values into their developing superegos.
Fixate
At any point in the oral anal or phallic stages a strong conflict could fixate
Ex- fixate in oral stage could exhibit passive dependence (infant) or exaggerated denial of dependence ( acting tough)
Phallic and Electra complex
Examples- boys seek genital stimulation and develop both unconscious sexual desires for their mother and jealousy and hatred for their father whom they consider a rival.
Experience guy
Electra complex- what girls experience
Defense mechanisms
Psychoanalytic theory the egos protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
Carl jungs theory
Unconscious contains more than our repressed thoughts
We have a collective unconscious a common reservoir of images derived from our species universal experienced
Self actualization
Process of fulfilling our potential
Carl Rogers and growth promoting climate
Require
Genuineness- open with their own feelings
Acceptance- still accepted even if we confess our worse feelings
Empathy-share and mirror others feelings and reflect their meanings
Factor analysis
Identify clusters of test items that tap basic components of a trait
Unstable and stable
Introverted and extroverted
Narcissism
Excessive self love and self absorption
More cheating, gambling inflated expectations
