Therapies (Ch. 13)

Question 1

psychiatrist

Answer 1

medical doctors who specialize in treating psychological disorders; must complete med school and four years of residency

Question 2

psychologists

Answer 2

complete at least a masters degree in counseling and therapy

Question 3

counselors

Answer 3

graduate work in psychology or education with additional counseling training

Question 4

Why is unconditional positive regard and hope important in therapy

Answer 4

it is necessary to keep patients coming back and helps develop therapist-patient relationship

Question 5

psychoanalysis/psychodynamic therapy

Answer 5

stresses the importance of the unconscious mind, extensive interpretation by the therapist, and the role of early childhood experiences

Question 6

what is the goal of psychodynamic therapy?

Answer 6

to help individual gain insight into the unconscious conflicts that are the source of their problems

Question 7

client-centered therapy

Answer 7

a form of humanistic therapy in which the therapist provides a warm, supportive atmosphere to improve a client’s self-concept and to encourage them to gain insight into problems

Question 8

Who created client-centered therapy

Answer 8

Carl Rogers

Question 9

What is the goal of client-centered therapy?

Answer 9

to help clients identify and understand their own genuine feelings and become more congruent

Question 10

congruent

Answer 10

bringing their actual self closer to their ideal self

Question 11

what is client-centered therapy centered around?

Answer 11

unconditional positive regard, empathy, genuineness (honesty)

Question 12

systematic desensitization

Answer 12

a behavior therapy that treats anxiety by teaching the client to associate deep relaxation with increasingly intense anxiety-producing stimuli

Question 13

what concept is systematic desensitization based on?

Answer 13

classical conditioning (specifically extinction)

Question 14

cognitive-behavior therapy

Answer 14

a combination of cognitive therapy with it’s emphasis on reducing self-defeating thoughts and behavior therapy with it’s emphasis on changing behavior

Question 15

what does cognitive behavior therapy try to do?

Answer 15

change what the client says to themselves, develop self-efficacy and build intrinsic motivation to persist

Question 16

what is the most common type of therapy

Answer 16

cognitive behavioral

Question 17

self-efficacy

Answer 17

the belief that one can master a situation and produce positive outcomes

Question 18

Anti-anxiety drugs

Answer 18

made individuals calmer and less excitable

Question 19

How do Benzodiazepines work? What are their side effects?

Answer 19

bind to the receptor sites of neurotransmitters that become overactive during anxiety; drowsiness, loss of coordination, fatigue, mental slowing

Question 20

anti-depressant drugs

Answer 20

increases or maintains levels of neurotransmitters

Question 21

Tricyclics (depression): how it works? side effects?

Answer 21

increase the level of certain neurotransmitters, especially norepinephrine and serotonin; restlessness, faintness, trembling, sleepiness, memory difficulty

Question 22

Tetracyclics (depression)

Answer 22

enhance brain levels of both serotonin and norepinephrine by blocking HAO inhibitors which allows neurotransmitters to stick around; potentially interact with drugs to raise blood pressure

Question 23

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Answer 23

target serotonin and work by interfering with the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain (most commonly prescribed anti-depressant); insomnia, anxiety, headache, impaired sexual functioning

Question 24

lithium

Answer 24

widely used to treat bipolar disorder, stabilizing moods by influencing norepinephrine and serotonin

Question 25

antipsychotic drugs

Answer 25

diminish agitated behavior, reduce tension, decrease hallucinations, improve social behavior, and produce better sleep patters

Question 26

Neuroleptics

Answer 26

reduce schizophrenic symptoms by affecting blood flow to areas of the brain that are rich in dopamine and appear to increase the brain’s capacity to process this dopamine

Question 27

Neuroleptics side effects

Answer 27

stroke, lack of pleasure, tardive dyskenesia

Question 28

tardive dyskinesia

Answer 28

involuntary random movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and mouth, as well as extensive twitching of the neck, arms, and legs

Question 29

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 29

sets off a seizure in the brain to primarily treat depression that doesn’t respond to medication

Question 30

ECT side effects

Answer 30

memory loss, potentially severe cognitive impairments

Question 31

how does ECT work?

Answer 31

a small one-second or less electric current passe through the brain which stimulates a minute-long seizure

Question 32

Deep Brain stimulation

Answer 32

doctor’s implant electrodes that emit signals to alter the brain’s electrical circuitry; treats Parkinsons, depression, and OCD

Question 33

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Answer 33

uses a magnet to activate the brain to treat individuals who haven’t responded to at least one depression medication

Question 34

Psychosurgery

Answer 34

involves the reoval or permanent destruction of brain tissue to improve the individual’s adjustment; last resort treatment for OCD, major depressive, and bipolar

Question 35

How does psychosurgery work?

Answer 35

Modern psychosurgeries make a small lesion in the amygdala or another part of the limbic system

Question 36

Group therapy gives…

Answer 36

information, universality, altruism, a positive family group, development of social skills, interpersonal learning

Question 37

universality (in group theray)

Answer 37

shows them that others suffer the same and feel their anguish

Question 38

altruism (in group therapy)

Answer 38

support with advice and sumpathy, learn they have something to offer

Question 39

a positive family group (in group therapy)

Answer 39

leaders represent parents, members represent siblings

Question 40

development of social skills (in group therapy)

Answer 40

multiple individuals give feedback to correct flaws

Question 41

interpersonal learning (in group therapy)

Answer 41

a training ground to practice new behaviors