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Elementary Psychology > Extra Vocabulary (Ch. 10 - Ch. 14) > Flashcards

Extra Vocabulary (Ch. 10 - Ch. 14) Flashcards

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1
Q

archetypes

A

Jung’s term for emotionally laden ideas and images in the collective unconscious that have rich and symbolic meaning for all people

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2
Q

behavioral genetics

A

the study of inherited underpinnings of behavioral characteristics

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3
Q

cognitive affective processing systems (CAPS)

A

Mischel’s theoretical model for describing how individuals’ thoughts and emotions about themselves and the world affect their behavior and become linked in ways that matter to that behavior

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4
Q

collective unconscious

A

Jung’s term for the impersonal deepest layer of the unconscious mind, shared by all human beings because of their common ancestral past

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5
Q

empirically keyed test

A

A type of self-report test that presents many questionnaire items to two groups that are known to be different in some central ways

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6
Q

face validity

A

the extent to which a test item appears to fit the particular trait it is measuring

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7
Q

individual psychology

A

Adler’s view that people are motivated by purposes and goals and that perfection, not pleasure, is thus the key motivator in human life

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8
Q

reinforcement sensitivity theory

A

A theory that identifies two biological systems linked to learning associations between behaviors and rewards or punishers.

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9
Q

subjective well-being

A

A person’s assessment of his or her own level of positive affect relative to negative affect, and an evaluation of his or her life in general

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10
Q

trait theories

A

theoretical views stressing that personality consists of broad, enduring dispositions (traits) that tend to lead to characteristic responses

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11
Q

affectionate/compassionate love

A

Love that occurs when an individual has a deep, caring affection for another person and desires to have that person near

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12
Q

attitudes

A

An individual’s opinions and beliefs about people, objects, and ideas – how the person feels about the world

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13
Q

attribution theory

A

the view that people are motivated to discover the underlying values of behavior as part of their effort to make sense of the behavior

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14
Q

elaboration likelihood model

A

theory identifying two ways to persuade: a central route and a peripheral route

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15
Q

ethnocentrism

A

the tendency to favor one’s own ethnic group over other ethnic groups

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16
Q

informational social influence

A

the influence other people have on us because we want to be right

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17
Q

investment model

A

a model of long-term relationships that examines the ways that commitment, investment, and the availability of attractive alternative partners predict satisfaction and stability in relationships

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18
Q

mere exposure effect

A

the phenomenon that the more individuals encounter someone or something, the more probable it is that they will start liking the person or thing even if they do not realize they have seen it before

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19
Q

normative social influence

A

the influence other people have on us because we want them to like us

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20
Q

obedience

A

behavior that complies with the explicit demands of the individual in authority

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21
Q

overt aggression

A

physical or verbal behavior that directly harms another person

22
Q

person perception

A

the process by which an individual uses social stimuli to form impressions of others

23
Q

positive illusions

A

favorable views of the self that are not necessarily rooted in reality

24
Q

relational aggression

A

behavior that is meant to harm the social standing of another person

25
Q

risky shift

A

the tendency for a group decision to be riskier than the average decision made by the individual group members

26
Q

romantic/passionate love

A

love with strong components of sexuality and infatuation, often predominant in the early part of a love relationship

27
Q

self-perception theory

A

theory on how behaviors influence attitudes, stating that individuals make inferences about their attitudes by perceiving their behavior

28
Q

social cognition

A

the area of social psychology exploring how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information

29
Q

social comparison

A

the process by which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to others

30
Q

social contagion

A

imitative behavior involving the spread of behavior, emotions, and ideas

31
Q

social facilitation

A

improvement in an individual’s performance because of the presence of others

32
Q

social identity theory

A

the view that social identity is a crucial part of self-image and a valuable source of positive feelings about oneself

33
Q

social loafing

A

each person’s tendency to exert less effort in a group because of reduced accountability for individual effort

34
Q

antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)

A

psychological disorder characterized by guiltlessness, law-breaking, exploitation of others, irresponsibility, and deceit

35
Q

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

A

one of the most common psychological disorders of childhood, in which individuals show one or more of the following: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

36
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

psychological disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts

37
Q

catatonia

A

state of immobility and unresponsiveness, lasting for long periods of time

38
Q

comorbidity

A

the simultaneous presence of two or more disorders in one person

39
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

dissociative disorder characterized by extreme memory loss that is caused by extensive psychological stress

40
Q

dissociative disorders

A

psychological disorders that involve a sudden loss of memory or change in identity due to the dissociation (separation) of the individual’s conscious awareness from previous memories and thoughts

41
Q

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

formerly called multiple personality disorder, a dissociative disorder in which the individual has two or more distinct personalities or selves, each with its own memories, behaviors, and relationships

42
Q

DSM-5

A

The major classification of psychological disorders in the USA

43
Q

flat affect

A

the display of little or no emotion – a common negative symptom of schizophrenia

44
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder

A

anxiety disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event, a severely oppressive situation, cruel abuse, or a natural or unnatural disaster

45
Q

psychosis

A

a state in which a person’s perceptions and thoughts are fundamentally removed from reality

46
Q

referential thinking

A

ascribing personal meaning to completely random events

47
Q

somatic symptom and related disorders

A

psychological disorder characterized by bodily symptoms that are either very distressing or that interfere with a person’s functioning along with excessive thoughts, feeling, and behaviors about the symptoms

48
Q

integrative therapy

A

using a combination of techniques from different therapies based on the therapist’s judgment of which particular methods will will provide the greatest benefits for clients

49
Q

therapeutic alliance

A

the relationship between the therapist and client – an important element of successful psychotherapy

50
Q

acquired immune deficiency (AIDS)

A

A sexually transmitted infection , cause by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), that destroys the body’s immune system

51
Q

hypothalamic-pituitary-aderenal axis (HPA axis)

A

The complex set of interactions among the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the adrenal glands, that regulate various body processes and control reaction to stressful events

52
Q

implementation intentions

A

specific strategies for dealing with the challenges of making a life change

Elementary Psychology (7 decks)

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