Extra Vocabulary (Ch. 10 - Ch. 14) Flashcards
(52 cards)
archetypes
Jung’s term for emotionally laden ideas and images in the collective unconscious that have rich and symbolic meaning for all people
behavioral genetics
the study of inherited underpinnings of behavioral characteristics
cognitive affective processing systems (CAPS)
Mischel’s theoretical model for describing how individuals’ thoughts and emotions about themselves and the world affect their behavior and become linked in ways that matter to that behavior
collective unconscious
Jung’s term for the impersonal deepest layer of the unconscious mind, shared by all human beings because of their common ancestral past
empirically keyed test
A type of self-report test that presents many questionnaire items to two groups that are known to be different in some central ways
face validity
the extent to which a test item appears to fit the particular trait it is measuring
individual psychology
Adler’s view that people are motivated by purposes and goals and that perfection, not pleasure, is thus the key motivator in human life
reinforcement sensitivity theory
A theory that identifies two biological systems linked to learning associations between behaviors and rewards or punishers.
subjective well-being
A person’s assessment of his or her own level of positive affect relative to negative affect, and an evaluation of his or her life in general
trait theories
theoretical views stressing that personality consists of broad, enduring dispositions (traits) that tend to lead to characteristic responses
affectionate/compassionate love
Love that occurs when an individual has a deep, caring affection for another person and desires to have that person near
attitudes
An individual’s opinions and beliefs about people, objects, and ideas – how the person feels about the world
attribution theory
the view that people are motivated to discover the underlying values of behavior as part of their effort to make sense of the behavior
elaboration likelihood model
theory identifying two ways to persuade: a central route and a peripheral route
ethnocentrism
the tendency to favor one’s own ethnic group over other ethnic groups
informational social influence
the influence other people have on us because we want to be right
investment model
a model of long-term relationships that examines the ways that commitment, investment, and the availability of attractive alternative partners predict satisfaction and stability in relationships
mere exposure effect
the phenomenon that the more individuals encounter someone or something, the more probable it is that they will start liking the person or thing even if they do not realize they have seen it before
normative social influence
the influence other people have on us because we want them to like us
obedience
behavior that complies with the explicit demands of the individual in authority
overt aggression
physical or verbal behavior that directly harms another person
person perception
the process by which an individual uses social stimuli to form impressions of others
positive illusions
favorable views of the self that are not necessarily rooted in reality
relational aggression
behavior that is meant to harm the social standing of another person
