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Elementary Psychology > Personality (Ch. 10) > Flashcards

Personality (Ch. 10) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Id?

A

the part of the person that consists of unconscious drives; the individual’s reservoir of sexual energy

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2
Q

What principle does the Id work towards?

A

the pleasure principle

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3
Q

What is the pleasure principle?

A

Always seeks pleasure

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4
Q

What part of personality (according to Freud) is completely unconscious?

A

the Id

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5
Q

What is the Ego?

A

the structure of personality that deals with the demands of reality.

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6
Q

What principle does the Ego work according to?

A

the reality principle

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7
Q

What is the reality principle?

A

It tries to bring the individual pleasure within societal norms.

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8
Q

Which part of the personality (according to Freud) is partially conscious?

A

the Ego

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9
Q

What functions does the Ego house?

A

higher mental functions; reasoning, problem solving, decision making

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10
Q

What is the superego?

A

the personality structure that serves as the harsh internal judge of the individual’s behavior

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11
Q

Which part of personality is referred to as our conscience?

A

The superego

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12
Q

Does the superego consider reality?

A

No, only whether the id’s impulses can be satisfied morally

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13
Q

What are defense mechanisms?

A

tactics that the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.

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14
Q

Denial

A

the ego refuses to acknowledge anxiety-producing realities

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15
Q

Displacement

A

directing unacceptable impulses at a less threatening target.

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16
Q

Sublimination

A

the person expresses an unconscious wish in a socially-valued way.

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17
Q

Projection

A

see in others those impulses that we most fear or despise in ourselves

18
Q

Reaction Formation

A

a person’s conscious experience is exactly the opposite of their true unconscious desires

19
Q

Repression

A

pushes unacceptable id impulses back into the unconscious mind

20
Q

Are defense mechanisms unconscious or conscious processes?

A

Unconscious

21
Q

What does the humanistic model of personality stress?

A

a person’s capacity for personal growth and positive human qualities

22
Q

Who led the humanistic model of personality and what did they base it on?

A

Abraham Maslow; based on self-actualization

23
Q

What are two beliefs of Carl Rogers

A

everyone was born with the ingredients of a fulfilling life and just need the right conditions to thrive; everyone has a gut feeling that allows them to evaluate if an experience is good for them.

24
Q

Define unconditional positive regard and what it explains

A

the need to be accepted, valued, and treated positively regardless of behavior; explains unhappiness

25
Q

What are Conditions of worth and what do they cause us to develop?

A

Conditions of worth are the standards someone must live up to in order to receive positive regard; can cause the development of a self that is not based on our genuine feelings

26
Q

How do you reconnect with your true self, after creating an ingenuine self due to conditions of worth?

A

need to experience a relationship that includes unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness

27
Q

What two concepts did Carl Rogers create and what model to they follow?

A

Unconditional Positive reagrd, conditions of worth; humanistic

28
Q

Five traits in the five-factor model of personality

A

Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness

29
Q

Neuroticism

A

felling negative emotion more often than positive emotion and more lingering negative states

30
Q

Extraversion

A

likely to engage in social activities, experience gratitude and show a strong sense of meaning in life

31
Q

What is being openness to experience and what are the two subcategories?

A

liberal values, open-mindedness, tolerance; intellect and openness

32
Q

Intellect

A

Engaging cognitively with abstract ideas and reasoning

33
Q

Openness

A

engaging cognitively with perceptions, fantasies, and emotions

34
Q

Agreeableness

A

related to generosity and altruism

35
Q

Conscientiousness

A

the quality of wishing to do ones work or duty well and thoroughly

36
Q

Behavioral Activation System

A

sensitive to rewards, predisposes one to feelings of positive emotion

37
Q

Behavior Inhibition System

A

sensitive to punishment an dis involved in avoidance learning; predisposes one to the feelings of fear an underlies neuroticism

38
Q

Self-report tests

A

directly asks people if certain items describe their personality

39
Q

What is the most widely used and researched self-report test?

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

40
Q

Projective Tests

A

present individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and asks them to describe it or tell a story about it

41
Q

What are two examples of projective tests?

A

Roschach inkblot test, thematic apperception test

Elementary Psychology (7 decks)

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