Personality (Ch. 10)

Question 1

What is the Id?

Answer 1

the part of the person that consists of unconscious drives; the individual’s reservoir of sexual energy

Question 2

What principle does the Id work towards?

Answer 2

the pleasure principle

Question 3

What is the pleasure principle?

Answer 3

Always seeks pleasure

Question 4

What part of personality (according to Freud) is completely unconscious?

Answer 4

the Id

Question 5

What is the Ego?

Answer 5

the structure of personality that deals with the demands of reality.

Question 6

What principle does the Ego work according to?

Answer 6

the reality principle

Question 7

What is the reality principle?

Answer 7

It tries to bring the individual pleasure within societal norms.

Question 8

Which part of the personality (according to Freud) is partially conscious?

Answer 8

the Ego

Question 9

What functions does the Ego house?

Answer 9

higher mental functions; reasoning, problem solving, decision making

Question 10

What is the superego?

Answer 10

the personality structure that serves as the harsh internal judge of the individual’s behavior

Question 11

Which part of personality is referred to as our conscience?

Answer 11

The superego

Question 12

Does the superego consider reality?

Answer 12

No, only whether the id’s impulses can be satisfied morally

Question 13

What are defense mechanisms?

Answer 13

tactics that the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.

Question 14

Denial

Answer 14

the ego refuses to acknowledge anxiety-producing realities

Question 15

Displacement

Answer 15

directing unacceptable impulses at a less threatening target.

Question 16

Sublimination

Answer 16

the person expresses an unconscious wish in a socially-valued way.

Question 17

Projection

Answer 17

see in others those impulses that we most fear or despise in ourselves

Question 18

Reaction Formation

Answer 18

a person’s conscious experience is exactly the opposite of their true unconscious desires

Question 19

Repression

Answer 19

pushes unacceptable id impulses back into the unconscious mind

Question 20

Are defense mechanisms unconscious or conscious processes?

Answer 20

Unconscious

Question 21

What does the humanistic model of personality stress?

Answer 21

a person’s capacity for personal growth and positive human qualities

Question 22

Who led the humanistic model of personality and what did they base it on?

Answer 22

Abraham Maslow; based on self-actualization

Question 23

What are two beliefs of Carl Rogers

Answer 23

everyone was born with the ingredients of a fulfilling life and just need the right conditions to thrive; everyone has a gut feeling that allows them to evaluate if an experience is good for them.

Question 24

Define unconditional positive regard and what it explains

Answer 24

the need to be accepted, valued, and treated positively regardless of behavior; explains unhappiness

Question 25

What are Conditions of worth and what do they cause us to develop?

Answer 25

Conditions of worth are the standards someone must live up to in order to receive positive regard; can cause the development of a self that is not based on our genuine feelings

Question 26

How do you reconnect with your true self, after creating an ingenuine self due to conditions of worth?

Answer 26

need to experience a relationship that includes unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness

Question 27

What two concepts did Carl Rogers create and what model to they follow?

Answer 27

Unconditional Positive reagrd, conditions of worth; humanistic

Question 28

Five traits in the five-factor model of personality

Answer 28

Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness

Question 29

Neuroticism

Answer 29

felling negative emotion more often than positive emotion and more lingering negative states

Question 30

Extraversion

Answer 30

likely to engage in social activities, experience gratitude and show a strong sense of meaning in life

Question 31

What is being openness to experience and what are the two subcategories?

Answer 31

liberal values, open-mindedness, tolerance; intellect and openness

Question 32

Intellect

Answer 32

Engaging cognitively with abstract ideas and reasoning

Question 33

Openness

Answer 33

engaging cognitively with perceptions, fantasies, and emotions

Question 34

Agreeableness

Answer 34

related to generosity and altruism

Question 35

Conscientiousness

Answer 35

the quality of wishing to do ones work or duty well and thoroughly

Question 36

Behavioral Activation System

Answer 36

sensitive to rewards, predisposes one to feelings of positive emotion

Question 37

Behavior Inhibition System

Answer 37

sensitive to punishment an dis involved in avoidance learning; predisposes one to the feelings of fear an underlies neuroticism

Question 38

Self-report tests

Answer 38

directly asks people if certain items describe their personality

Question 39

What is the most widely used and researched self-report test?

Answer 39

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Question 40

Projective Tests

Answer 40

present individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and asks them to describe it or tell a story about it

Question 41

What are two examples of projective tests?

Answer 41

Roschach inkblot test, thematic apperception test