Health Psychology (Ch. 14)

Question 1

Behavior Change Model: definiton? steps?

Answer 1

describes the process by which individuals give up bad habits and adopt healthier lifestyles; precontemplation, contemplation, preparation/determination, action/willpower, maintenance

Question 2

precontemplation

Answer 2

individuals are not ready to think about changing and may not even be aware of their problem

Question 3

contemplation

Answer 3

individuals acknowledge that they have a problem but are not ready to change

Question 4

preparation/determination

Answer 4

individuals are preparing to take action

Question 5

action/willpower

Answer 5

individuals commit to making a behavioral change and enact a plan

Question 6

maintenance

Answer 6

individuals commit to making behavioral change over time

Question 7

transcendence

Answer 7

when an individual no longer consciously engaged in maintaining their healthy lifestyle

Question 8

relapse

Answer 8

a return to former unhealthy patterns

Question 9

Selye’s General Adaptive Syndrome

Answer 9

the common effects on the body when demands are placed on it; alarm stage, resistance stage, exhaustion stage

Question 10

alarm stage

Answer 10

is a temporary state of shock during which resistance to illness and stress falls below normal limits; endocrine and sympathetic nervous system are highly activated

Question 11

resistance stage

Answer 11

when glands throughout the body manufacture different hormones that protect the individual so the body can fight off infection with remarkable efficiency

Question 12

exhaustion stage

Answer 12

the body can no longer combat stress and the person might collapse in exhaustion and vulnerability to disease increases; serious irreversible damage can occur

Question 13

Type B

Answer 13

relaxed and easygoing, the healthiest type

Question 14

Type A

Answer 14

excessively competitive, hard-driven, impatient, and hostile; related to the incidence of heart disease

Question 15

Type D

Answer 15

generally distressed, frequently experience negative emotions, and are socially inhibited

Question 16

Personality Factors of Healthy Living

Answer 16

conscientiousness, sense of personal control, self-efficacy, optimism

Question 17

conscientiousness

Answer 17

tend to do things that are good for their health

Question 18

sense of personal control (internal locus of control)

Answer 18

related to emotional well0being, successful coping, healthy behavior change, good health

Question 19

optimism

Answer 19

associated with taking proactive steps to protect one’s health and views causes of bad events as external, unstable, and specific

Question 20

self-efficy (healthy living)

Answer 20

influences whether individuals try to develop healthy habits, effort expended in coping with stress, persistence in the face of obstacles, and how much stress is experienced

Question 21

Stress and health

Answer 21

activation of dormant viruses, weakens immune system, poor cardiovascular function, high blood pressure, heart disease, early death, cancer development

Question 22

primary appraisal

Answer 22

when individuals interpret if an event involves harm, loss, threat, or challenge

Question 23

secondary appraisal

Answer 23

when individuals evaluate their resources and determine how effectively they can be coped with

Question 24

problem-focusing coping

Answer 24

when your squarely facing one’s troubles and trying to solve them

Question 25

emotion-focused coping

Answer 25

when you respond to the emotional reaction to stress

Question 26

which two traits lead to better coping?

Answer 26

optimism and hardiness

Question 27

hardiness

Answer 27

a sense of commitment rather than alienation, and of control rather than powerlessness, as well as a perception of problems as challenges rather than threats

Question 28

Four behavior changes for health

Answer 28

becoming physically active, eating right, quitting tobacco, practicing safe sex

Question 29

Social support

Answer 29

information and feedback from others indicating that one is loved and cared for, esteemed and valued, and included in a network of communication and mutual obligation

Question 30

3 benefits of social support

Answer 30

tangible assistance, information, emotional support

Question 31

tangible assistance

Answer 31

goods and services are provided in stressful situations

Question 32

Two connections between social support and health

Answer 32

Loneliness is connected to poor health behaviors, helping others may reduce the output of stress hormone