Therapeutic Relationships Flashcards
What is self-awareness?
It is the capacity for introspection (the examination or observation of one’s own mental and emotional processes) and the ability to recognise oneself as an individual.
What is self-image?
It is the set of ideas you have about your own qualities and abilities
What is self-esteem?
It is a person’s overall sense of self-worth or personal value. In other words how you appreciate and like yourself. This is seen as a personality trait.
What is self-concept?
Used to refer to how someone thinks about, evaluates or perceived themselves. It is a collection of belief about oneself.
What is self-identity?
It is the understanding of oneself. It is composed of self assessments, such as personality attributes, knowledge of one’s skills and abilities, one’s occupation and hobbies, and awareness of one’s physical attributes.
What is self-regulation?
Used to refer to a range of characteristics and abilities. Able to focus attention, control emotions and manage thinking, behaviour and feelings and good at multi-tasking.
What is Johari’s Window (Lucy and Ingham 1956)
It is the psychology model that talks about the relationship and mutual understanding between group members.
It helps an individual to understand his relationship with himself and other group members.
What is self vs self-concept (Rogers 1959)
According to Carl Rogers, the degree to which a person’s self-concept matches up to reality is known as congruence and incongruence.
What is the triangle made by Rogers?
Real self
Perceived self
Ideal self
Rogers believed humans have one basic motive, what is this?
Self actualisation which is to fulfill one’s potential.
When can self actualisation be achieved?
When the ideal self (who we’d like to be) is congruent with their actual behaviour (self image)
What is a state of congruence?
It is where a person’s ideal self and actual experience are consistent or similar.
Key to note, a total state of congruence rarely exists.
What is incongruence?
A person’s ideal self may not be consistent with what actually happens in life and experiences of the person. There is a difference between persons ideal self and actual experience.
What is communication?
It is the act of transferring information from one place, person, or group to another.
What is attending skills?
Being the company of someone else and giving that person your full attention, to what they are saying or doing, valuing them as a worthy individual.
What allows active listening?
Attending skills
What is active listening according to Cullet 1991?
Means listening with purpose and communicating your understanding.
What are some forms of nonverbal communication? (6)
Body language Hand gestures Touch Smile Mirroring SOLER (Egan 1975)
What does SOLER by Egan 1975 stand for?
Sit squarely
Open posture
Lean towards the other
Eye contact
Relax
What does the new acronym SURETY by Stickley stand for?
Sit at an angle
Uncross legs and arms
Relax
Eye contact
Touch
Your intuition (ability to understand or know something without needing to think about it)
What are some key verbal communication? (4)
Questions - open and closed
Reflective skills - paraphrasing, summarising, restating, feedback
Avoid jargon
Control tone, pitch and speed of voice and speech
What are the core conditions of therapeutic relationships? (Rogers 1951)
Empathetic understanding
Unconditional positive regard
Congruence
What is empathetic understanding?
Having the ability to understand someone else’s feelings or emotions by placing yourself in their shoes.
What is unconditional positive regard?
Where parents, significant others or carers and therapists accepts and lives the person for what he or she is. Positive regard is not withdrawn if the person does something wrong or makes a mistake.
What are the three therapeutic stages?
BEGINNING - introduce yourself, attend, actively listen, establish needs, gain trust.
MIDDLE - explore needs, strategies, treatment, maintain therapeutic relationship.
END - evaluate outcomes, provide choices, goals, reviews.
Give examples of barriers to communication.
Location Disability Language Technology Attitude
What are some of the ways to overcome communication barriers?
Use of simple language
Reduction and/or elimination of noise levels
Active listening
Control body language
Use other forms of communication relative to individual such as sign language or use of interpreter
Avoid stereotyping
Recognise perspective
