Therapeutic Relationships

Question 1

What is self-awareness?

Answer 1

It is the capacity for introspection (the examination or observation of one’s own mental and emotional processes) and the ability to recognise oneself as an individual.

Question 2

What is self-image?

Answer 2

It is the set of ideas you have about your own qualities and abilities

Question 3

What is self-esteem?

Answer 3

It is a person’s overall sense of self-worth or personal value. In other words how you appreciate and like yourself. This is seen as a personality trait.

Question 4

What is self-concept?

Answer 4

Used to refer to how someone thinks about, evaluates or perceived themselves. It is a collection of belief about oneself.

Question 5

What is self-identity?

Answer 5

It is the understanding of oneself. It is composed of self assessments, such as personality attributes, knowledge of one’s skills and abilities, one’s occupation and hobbies, and awareness of one’s physical attributes.

Question 6

What is self-regulation?

Answer 6

Used to refer to a range of characteristics and abilities. Able to focus attention, control emotions and manage thinking, behaviour and feelings and good at multi-tasking.

Question 7

What is Johari’s Window (Lucy and Ingham 1956)

Answer 7

It is the psychology model that talks about the relationship and mutual understanding between group members.

It helps an individual to understand his relationship with himself and other group members.

Question 8

What is self vs self-concept (Rogers 1959)

Answer 8

According to Carl Rogers, the degree to which a person’s self-concept matches up to reality is known as congruence and incongruence.

Question 9

What is the triangle made by Rogers?

Answer 9

Real self

Perceived self

Ideal self

Question 10

Rogers believed humans have one basic motive, what is this?

Answer 10

Self actualisation which is to fulfill one’s potential.

Question 11

When can self actualisation be achieved?

Answer 11

When the ideal self (who we’d like to be) is congruent with their actual behaviour (self image)

Question 12

What is a state of congruence?

Answer 12

It is where a person’s ideal self and actual experience are consistent or similar.

Key to note, a total state of congruence rarely exists.

Question 13

What is incongruence?

Answer 13

A person’s ideal self may not be consistent with what actually happens in life and experiences of the person. There is a difference between persons ideal self and actual experience.

Question 14

What is communication?

Answer 14

It is the act of transferring information from one place, person, or group to another.

Question 15

What is attending skills?

Answer 15

Being the company of someone else and giving that person your full attention, to what they are saying or doing, valuing them as a worthy individual.

Question 16

What allows active listening?

Answer 16

Attending skills

Question 17

What is active listening according to Cullet 1991?

Answer 17

Means listening with purpose and communicating your understanding.

Question 18

What are some forms of nonverbal communication? (6)

Answer 18

Body language
Hand gestures
Touch
Smile
Mirroring
SOLER (Egan 1975)

Question 19

What does SOLER by Egan 1975 stand for?

Answer 19

Sit squarely

Open posture

Lean towards the other

Eye contact

Relax

Question 20

What does the new acronym SURETY by Stickley stand for?

Answer 20

Sit at an angle

Uncross legs and arms

Relax

Eye contact

Touch

Your intuition (ability to understand or know something without needing to think about it)

Question 21

What are some key verbal communication? (4)

Answer 21

Questions - open and closed

Reflective skills - paraphrasing, summarising, restating, feedback

Avoid jargon

Control tone, pitch and speed of voice and speech

Question 22

What are the core conditions of therapeutic relationships? (Rogers 1951)

Answer 22

Empathetic understanding

Unconditional positive regard

Congruence

Question 23

What is empathetic understanding?

Answer 23

Having the ability to understand someone else’s feelings or emotions by placing yourself in their shoes.

Question 24

What is unconditional positive regard?

Answer 24

Where parents, significant others or carers and therapists accepts and lives the person for what he or she is. Positive regard is not withdrawn if the person does something wrong or makes a mistake.

Question 25

What are the three therapeutic stages?

Answer 25

BEGINNING - introduce yourself, attend, actively listen, establish needs, gain trust.

MIDDLE - explore needs, strategies, treatment, maintain therapeutic relationship.

END - evaluate outcomes, provide choices, goals, reviews.

Question 26

Give examples of barriers to communication.

Answer 26

Location 
Disability 
Language
Technology
Attitude

Question 27

What are some of the ways to overcome communication barriers?

Answer 27

Use of simple language

Reduction and/or elimination of noise levels

Active listening

Control body language

Use other forms of communication relative to individual such as sign language or use of interpreter

Avoid stereotyping

Recognise perspective