Therapeutic Modalities (electrical and U/S only + skin receptors) Flashcards
in order for extensibility of the tissue to occur ,in respect to thermotherapy, what must be paired?
heat and stretching
what are the temperatures to avoid tissue damage - in terms of thermotherapy?
> 47 C
> 45 C (exposed for more than 30 mins)
an athlete needs thermotherapy for their hands, what modality would be appropriate in this scenario?
paraffin bath
at what temperature does the skin cool down to 4 cm below skin level?
3.5 C
describe the hunting response
bouts of sudden vasodilation of vessels when exposed to cold - happens around 4-6 min after initial exposure to cold
what factor affects how fast a person gets cooled using cryotherapy?
how much subcutaneous fat they have
what’s more ideal for better conduction of cold?
wet ice **wet your towels on top of your ice packs
in implementing cryotherapy with movement - what must be considered/ done first?
applying cold therapy initially for 12- 20 minutes until numbness sits in
**if patient still doesn’t feel numbness after the 12-20 min mark - proceed to movement anyway
movement should still be within person’s capacity to move and should not stretch too far from their current capabilities
purpose of using monophasic (DC) current/ biphasic (AC) current? what’s the difference between the two?
pain modulation
mm contraction
DC - direct current - flow in one direction
AC - alternating current - direction of current changes
def’n intensity, in terms of electrical modalities?
voltage output
def’n duration, in terms of electrical modalities?
time it takes for voltage to be put out (pulse width/ pulse duration)
what’s frequency measured in?
hertz
def’n polarity
direction of current flow
athlete is given IFC (80-150 hz for 15 minutes) - how does this modality modulate pain?
gate control theory - stimulate the the sensory nn fibres (beta) to block the perception of pain for a short period of time
what’s the purpose to giving a noxious stimulus to a patient with chronic pain?
utilizes descending pathway control to decrease perception of pain
typically:
pulse width (short) - 10 msec
frequency ~ 80 hz
typical set up for using a modality for opiate P control
pulse duration: max
intensity: high
frequency: 1-5 pulses/s
if the injury is too small for a 4 pad IFC treatment - what can be done instead?
use pre-modulation (2 pad placement that brackets the injury)
general set up for electrical muscle stimulation:
pulse width
frequency
time / duty cycle
intensity
pulse width - 200-300 HZ
frequency : 1-10 (if using it for muscle pump) / 30-50 Hz for tetany)
time/ duty cycle: typical ratio of 1:1 / 1:5 (depends on aim - preventing atrophy , muscle reeducation, russian etc. )
intensity: muscle twitch or tetany
purpose of utilizing iontophoresis
putting ion into body via electrical stimulation
can be used for scar modification
analgesic effects
wound healing
ultrasound use:
explain the purpose of using 1Mhz vs. 3 Mhz
lower frequencies are not absorbed as easily through the body - therefore sound waves can travel deeper and produce a heating effect (3/5 cm)
higher frequencies are absorbed quicker - for more superficial heat therapy, 3 Mhz is used (1/2cm)
def’n the effective radiating area (ERA)
The area of a therapeutic ultrasound head that produces useful ultrasonic energy
def’n beam-nonuniform ratio
ideally should be 1:1 - shows you how much the intensity can fluctuate
ratio of the average intensity of the ultrasound beam across the ERA divided by the peak intensity of the ultrasound beam; the lower the BNR, the more uniform the intensity of the sound wave.
if using a duty cycle less than 100% (for ultrasound), it won’t produce a heating effect - what other non-thermal effects can it have?
cavitation - increase in gas bubbles and increase the flow of fluid
microstreaming - changes the permeability of the cell wall (may increase protein synthesis)
minimum time to be at therapeutic temperature of 40-45 C once the tissue has sufficiently warmed up?
5 minutes (on top of the time it takes for the tissue to reach that temperature)
